The Pope at War, page 82
on Pius XII as destroying moral authority of Catholic Church, 157
on Pius XII as peacemaker, 208, 531n10
on Pius XII as savior of Rome, 426
on Pius XII’s audiences with Allied soldiers, 431
on Pius XII’s depression, 220
Pius XII’s failure to condemn Nazi atrocities and, 231–33, 238, 253, 257–58, 260, 538nn13–14, 542n5, 544n6
on Pius XII’s kin ennobled, 218–19, 220
Pius XII’s plea to British not to bomb Italy and, 273
on Pius XII’s response to bombing of Rome, 307
on Pius XII’s speech on cause of evil, 220, 535n8
on Pius XII’s sympathy for Polish people, 280
plea to Pius XII to speak against attacks in Greece and Yugoslavia, 528n22
removal of Vatican Secretariat of State to Switzerland, 137
reports of Nazi extermination of Jews, 255–57
on roundup of Jews in Rome, 561n21
Osservatore Romano, 13, 22, 82, 87–88, 95, 132, 136, 141–42, 149, 171, 174, 224, 280, 307, 313, 350, 353–54, 381–82, 401, 426, 462–63, 505n13, 506nn5–6, 513n2, 514n5, 517n8, 522n25, 571n3
burned by Fascists, 514n5, 515n13
criticism of Germany, 13, 83, 504n12
on ennoblement of Pius XII’s kin, 218
Fascist actions, 136
fear of Nazi postwar plans for Catholic Church, 223–24, 536n16
papal control of, 164–65, 171
on Pius XII and roundup, deportation, and extermination of Jews in Rome, 370–71
support for war, 522n25
war news in, 149–51, 161
P
Pacelli, Carlo, 112–13
Pacelli, Elisabetta, 493n13
Pacelli, Eugenio, 19
basic facts about, 4, 22–24, 493n14
concordat between Hitler and Catholic Church, xxxvi, 5, 53, 462–63, 498n4
death of Pius XI, with Ciano, 16, 16, 491n28
diplomatic visits by, 4
election of, as pope, 18–21, 25–27, 26, 492nn2–3, 493n1, 493n17
on Hitler’s character, 5
as nuncio in Germany, 22–24
relations with Pius XI, 3, 24
See also Pius XII
Pacelli, Francesco, 172
Pact of Steel (1939), 49–50, 50
Palestine, 274–76, 547n4
Palli, Francesca Maria, 223
Pancino, Giusto, 395–97, 446–47, 448, 568n18
Panzieri, David, 369
Papal States, Jews in, 39, 186–87
Papée, Kazimierz, 73, 180, 261
Papen, Franz von, 512n6
Parsons, J. Graham, 529n28
Pastor Angelicus (movie), 227–28, 233, 258, 264, 537n2
Patton, George, 297–98
Paul IV, 360
Paul VI. See Montini, Giovanni Battista
Pavelic, Ante, 198
peace, Pius XII’s definition of, 34–35, 494n11
Petacci, Clara, 204
arrested, 338
basic facts about, xxiv, 11
Ciano as ambassador to Holy See and, 268
Edda Mussolini and, 301
family of, 203, 300–302, 338, 352, 529n31
final days of, 456–57
freed by German military, 352
as Mussolini’s lover, 69–70, 75, 78, 146, 202, 251, 258, 301, 302, 375, 415–16, 417
as Mussolini’s political advisor, 268, 302, 311, 312, 394, 416
Petacci, Marcello, 300
Pétain, Philippe
anti-Jewish racial laws, 187, 213–14
armistice, 154
d’Ormesson and, 177
French military in North Africa under, 248
government of, close relations with Germans, 189
Hitler and, 179
Pius XII and, 162
Petropoulos, Jonathan, 500n1
Pfeiffer, Pancratius (Pancrazio), 377, 424, 563nn13–14, 569n26, 569n34
Phillips, William
on Ciano, 10
distinguishing between Italian and German people, 204
on Italy being ready to go to war, 41, 42
on Mussolini and Italy’s entrance into war, 142–43, 517n10, 518n11
on Mussolini’s ability to calm Hitler, 498n16
on Mussolini’s popularity, 49
Roosevelt’s appeal to Mussolini for peace and, 130–31
U.S. entrance into war and, 217
Piazza, Adeodato, 206–7, 381, 565n27
Pietromarchi, Luca, 546n16
Pignatelli, Enza, 363
Pignatti, Bonifacio
basic facts about, xxiv, 18
Dalla Torre and, 87–88, 507n7, 507n9
election of Pacelli as pope, 18, 19, 25, 492n2
Gonella’s arrest and, 82–83, 504n12
on Pius XI’s encyclical denouncing Nazi racism and antisemitism and, 491n30
Pius XI as source of criticism of Germany, 13
Pius XII as peacemaker and, 45
on Pius XII’s travels outside of Vatican, 47, 497n10
retirement of, 96
Pirelli, Alberto
basic facts about, 140
Ciano as ambassador to Holy See and, 267
government of national unity and, 299
occupation and takeover of Badoglio government by German military and, 330–31
resolution to return military control and constitutional powers to Victor Emmanuel III, 309
on separate peace for Italy, 271
Pius XI
basic facts about, xx–xxi, 3–4, 22
Catholic Action and, 36, 54
criticisms of Germany, 13, 490n22
death, 14–15
encyclical denouncing Nazi racism and antisemitism, 9–10, 13–14, 16, 17, 491n30
encyclical protesting Nazi actions against Catholic Church, 6
health of, 14, 491n24
Hitler and, xxxv–xxxvi, 4, 6
Lateran Accords, 9, 89, 173
Mussolini and, xxxv, xxxvi–xxxvii, 9
Nazis’ attacks on Catholic Church in Germany, xxxv
opposition to anti-Jewish racial laws, 38–39, 184
Pacelli and, 3, 24
Pius XII contrasted to, 178
Pius XII, 90, 336, 459
address on fifth anniversary of start of war, 435–37
Alfieri and, 134–35, 515nn13–14
American notice of Italians’ choice of invasion or ending war and, 287–88
announcement of armistice and, 344
apostolic delegate to Egypt and Palestine and, 537n11
Atlantic Charter discussion with Taylor, 211–12, 532n19
attitude during early years of German victories, 473–74
attitude toward totalitarian regimes, 101
audiences with Allied soldiers, 429, 431–32
audiences with German soldiers, 215, 255, 533n27, 543n2
Badoglio request for help and, 349
Bartolomasi and, 439, 465
basic facts about, xix, 48–49, 100, 102–3, 465–67, 469–70, 496n16, 513n15
Belgium and, 131–32, 134
belief in Mussolini’s moderating influence on Hitler, 155–56
blessing of royal family, 96
bombing of Italy, 251, 273, 286
bombing of Rome, 156, 252, 291, 305–8, 404, 518n7, 521n5, 550n31, 552nn8–9
Catholic Action and, 36, 37, 172, 499n6
Catholic Church in Germany and, 6, 52, 62–64
Catholic institutions hiding those fleeing Nazis and, 403–4, 569n34
celebration of fifth anniversary of coronation, 409–11
Ciano as ambassador to Holy See and, 268, 545n11
Ciano’s health and, 531n14
Communism as greatest enemy of Catholic Church, 168, 205–6, 269, 292–93, 358, 428, 429, 431, 432, 434, 445, 450, 546n14
complaints about breakdown of morality, 201, 444, 468, 572n28, 575n7
concern for fate of Mussolini and family, 320
concern for German people, 428–29
concern for Roman Catholic missions in Congo, 162
concerns about German defeat, 269, 546n14
concerns about Protestant missionaries during Allied occupation, 434
concerns about removal of religious instruction from public schools during Allied occupation, 434
conditions in Vatican under German occupation and, 398–99
cooperation with Germans occupying Rome, 352–55, 415, 558n15
coronation ceremony, 29–30, 31
Czechoslovakia and, 33
daily routine of, 30–33
Dalla Torre and, 88, 284, 506n7, 549n14
Danzig and, 72
death, 470
depression of, 165, 220
displeasure at Nazi actions against Catholic Church in Austria, 168
election of, as pope, 18–21, 25–27, 26, 492nn2–3, 493n1, 493n17
embrace of Italy’s entrance into World War II, 159–60
ennoblement of kin and, 218, 220, 534n4
on evil caused by rebellion from Christianity, 219–20, 535n8
failure to condemn Nazi atrocities, 231–32, 257–58, 260–61, 276–77, 538nn12–13, 542n5, 544n6, 544n13, 544n16
fear of Communism if Allies won war, 290
fear of disorder in Italy if Axis is defeated, 539n30
fear of Germany, 177–78
fear of Nazi postwar plans for Catholic Church, 222, 223–24, 535n16
fear of uprising against Badoglio government, 323–24
final audience with d’Ormesson, 178–79
first meeting with Ciano, 35–36
first meeting with Myron Taylor, 105–6
first speech by, 34–35, 494n11
France as giving up without fighting, 521n21
Franco and, 38
on Galeazzi, 557n17
German conquest of France as fault of French, 148
German occupation of Rome and, 474–75
Gonella’s arrest and, 82–83, 504n12
good versus bad Fascists, 165–66
Grand Council after overthrow of Mussolini and, 320, 554n8
Grandi and, 320, 554n9
Greece and, 180, 524n7
health, 467, 469, 470
Hlond and, 138
influence of, in Italy, 479
Italy as co-belligerent and, 432–33
Italy’s entrance into war and, 146–47, 518n8, 519n9
Latin American neutrality and, 532n4
laypeople’s audiences with, 32
Maglione and, 71, 84, 433, 435
Maria José’s desire for Pius XII to act as go-between with Taylor, 235
meetings with Allied luminaries following liberation of Rome, 428
meeting with Churchill, 433–35
meeting with Welles and Taylor, 512n14
money collected from American Catholics for, 540n30
Montini and, 84, 235, 349, 433, 435, 469
moral prestige of papacy and, 157, 220, 236–37
Edda Mussolini and, 388
name day speech after Germany’s surrender, 459–60, 577n32
Nazi actions against Catholic Church and, 209, 223, 249
Nazi plot to kidnap, as Allied propaganda, 356–57, 559nn20–21
neutrality of, as destroying moral authority of Catholic Church, 236–37, 539n23
new government for Italy and, 285–86
New Year’s speech (1943), 264, 545n3
official Italian representative to Vatican and, 392–94, 567n10
Operation Barbarossa and, 205–6
Orsenigo and, 518n6
Pastor Angelicus and, 228
peace as defined by, 34–35, 494n11
as peacemaker, 76–77, 208, 210, 239, 257, 264, 269–70, 271, 280, 286, 314–16, 332–33, 429, 449, 450, 502n15, 503nn18–20, 531n10, 532n16, 540n30, 547n18, 553n23, 573n6
