The Pope at War, page 78
Cantoni, Victor, 370
Carbone (Monsignor), 468–69
Carroll, Walter, 430–31, 573n2, 577n21
Caruso, Pietro, 398, 401, 402–3, 569n29
Cassidy, Edward, 463–64
Castellanos, Giuseppe, 341–42
Castro, Pacifico Di, 420–21
Catholic Action (Italian)
calls for obedience to Badoglio government, 322–23, 554n14
Communism as greatest enemy of Catholic Church, 560n11
Pius XI and, 36, 54, 172
Pius XII and Mussolini, 37, 499n6
Pius XII promotion of Axis and war and, 181, 525n9
support for Axis and war, 159, 173–74, 192, 195, 526n3, 527n11
Catholic Church
actions against, in Germany, xxxv, 6, 62–64, 92, 107–8, 114, 116, 511n3
in Austria, 168, 489n9
calls for obedience to Badoglio government, 322–23, 554n14
calls for support of war, 153, 159, 193, 253, 520nn22–23, 527n7
church bells taken for war effort, 196–97, 528n17
Communism as greatest enemy of, xxxvi, 168, 205–6, 207, 221, 269, 331, 332, 340, 355, 358, 428, 429, 431, 432, 434, 445, 448, 450, 530n7, 530n9, 546n14, 560n11
complaints about immorality, 254, 572n28
demonization of Jews by, 39–40, 195, 230, 384, 463–64, 473
denounced for supporting Fascism, 332
deportation of Jews in France and, 230–32
Fascist Italy as drawing strength from, 224
Göring and, 135, 515n16
identified Jews as non-Aryans and Christians as Aryans, 185
influence of, in Italy, 479
Italian Jews escaping Nazis and, 379–80
Italy’s anti-Jewish racial laws and, 186, 187, 525n7
on Jews as killers of Jesus, 195
Jews hidden in institutions of, 399–404, 568n26, 569nn27–31, 573n29
moral prestige of, 220, 236–37
Mussolini as go-between between Hitler and, 6
Nazi actions against, xxxv, 6, 62–64, 92, 107–8, 114, 116, 209, 511n3
neutrality of Pius XII as destroying moral authority of, 236–37, 539n23
number of Catholics under Nazi rule, 229
obedience owed by Italian Catholics to state, 149–50
as official religion of Italian Social Republic, 566n8
Operation Barbarossa and, 206–7
parish priests opposed to continuation of war, 292
pleas from within, to keep Italy out of war, 516n18
in Poland, 95
press, 38, 42, 166, 173–74, 496n8(see also La Civiltà Cattolica; Osservatore Romano)
reports about extermination of Jews and, 215–16, 224–26, 228–29, 536n25
rewriting of history concerning actions of, during war, 463–65, 466, 578n10
sexual and financial crimes of German priests, 6, 8, 63–64
support for Axis and war, 167–68, 173–74, 192, 195, 271–72, 279, 292, 295, 526n3, 527n4, 527n12, 528n14, 541n5, 547n20, 548n2, 550n34
support for Mussolini, 221, 535nn12–13
war as Christian crusade, 207, 530n7, 530n9
See also specific individuals
Cavallero, Ugo, 206
Caviglia, Enrico, 102–3, 285, 549n14
Charles-Roux, François
on ending of friction between Pius XII and Mussolini, 157
on Italy staying out of war, 506n4
on Maglione, 121
Nazi invasion of Belgium and, 132
on Pius XII’s popularity in France, 52–53
Pius XII’s silence about Poland and, 84, 505n16
recalled to France, 147
Chieli, Menotti, 565n35
Churchill, Winston
appeal for Italian rising against Mussolini, 188
Atlantic Charter, 211
on Badoglio government, 318
on bombing of Rome, 305
early victories of Germany, 140
on fall of Mussolini, 317
invasion of Italy and, 286, 343, 557n22
meeting with Pius XII, 433–35
pugnacious stance toward Italy, 550n32
reaction to Italy’s entrance into war, 146
Rome as open city status, 328
secret talks and armistice agreement with Badoglio government, 341–44
speech to U.S. Congress, 220
visit to Rome, 432
Ciano, Galeazzo
as ambassador to Holy See, 267–68, 545n9
on appointment of Maglione as secretary of state, 29
attempts to portray self as peacemaker, 102, 510n4
under Badoglio government, 388
basic facts about, xxiii, 10, 103, 490n17
Borgongini’s opinion of, 263
Christmas visit of Victor Emmanuel III to Pius XII and, 98
damage from bombing of Italy, 549n12
death, 389–90, 391–92, 393, 394–95, 397, 566n4, 568n18
death of Attolico and, 222
death of Pius XI and, 14–17, 16, 491n28
diary of, 390, 566n5
dismissal as foreign minister, 267, 545n8, 548n10
early victories of Germany and, 140
escape to Germany, 337–38, 388–89
first meeting with Pius XII, 35–36
health, 531n14
hopes for Pius XII as peacemaker, 264
on improving Vatican relations with Germany, 496n12
Italian Jews baptized as Catholics and, 499n8
Italy’s entrance into war and, 124, 140–41, 142, 144, 264, 516n5
Latin American neutrality and, 532n4
meeting between Mussolini and Hitler (1940), 121–23, 122
meeting with Hitler of German victory sites, 161–62
Rachele Mussolini and, 202–3
Mussolini’s anti-Catholic Church rhetoric and, 192–93
on need to separate Italy from Germany, 310
Operation Barbarossa and, 206
Pact of Steel, 49, 50
Petacci and, 203
Pius XII as peacemaker and, 45, 269
Pius XII’s coronation ceremony, 29
Pius XII’s message to Mussolini upon Axis defeat in Russia and, 283
on Pius XII’s sympathy for Polish people, 280–81
planning for Italy’s exit from war, 264
on relations between Pius XII and top Vatican officials, 545n4
resignation and house arrest of, under Badoglio government, 321
resolution to return military control and constitutional powers to Victor Emmanuel III and, 553n16
Ribbentrop and, 117
Roosevelt’s private message to Pius XII and, 298–99
rumor of papal eviction from Vatican City with German victory, 200
told of Hitler’s plans to invade Poland, 56–57
type of Fascism supported by, 35
U.S. entrance into war and, 217
on Victor Emmanuel III’s acceptance of Albanian crown, 41–42
Welles and, 123
Ciano, Maria, 91
Cicognani, Amleto, 252, 277, 287, 357–58, 548n9
Civiltà Cattolica, 173
Clark, Mark, 423, 427–28, 432, 573n2
Colli, Evasio
calls for obedience to Badoglio government, 322–23, 554n14
support for Axis and war, 153, 520n22, 526n3, 527n4, 550n34
Colonna, Marc’Antonio, 264
Communism
Allied bombing of Italy and, 412, 571n8
Catholic Church view as Roosevelt apologizing for, 212
demonstrations against Badoglio government and fear of, 554n14
as greatest enemy of Catholic Church, xxxvi, 168, 205–6, 207, 221, 269, 292–93, 331, 332, 340, 355, 358, 428, 429, 431, 432, 434, 445, 448, 450, 530n7, 530n9, 546n14, 560n11
Italian partisan movement and, 441
Lateran Accords and, 467, 578n14
Nazi ties to Italian leaders of, 358
overthrow of Mussolini and, 540n30
Pius XII’s fear of, if Allies won war, 290
Pius XII urged to denounce, 207–8, 212–13
strikes in Italian factories, 292
Consiglio, Mosè Di, 414
Cooper, Duff, 428
Cornwell, John, 479
Corriere della Sera, 25, 34–35, 195, 314
Costa, Elia Dalla, 21
Costantini, Celso, 314, 351, 530n9, 563n10
Croatia, 198
Croce, Benedetto, 555n14
Crociata Italica (Italian Crusade), 406, 570n38
Czechoslovakia, 33, 494n8
D
d’Acquarone, Pietro, 309, 330–31, 347, 349
Dalla Torre, Giuseppe
German plans for retreat from Rome, 561n21
as informant for Pius XII, 284, 549n14
Mussolini’s overthrow and, 540n30
Osborne and, 522n28
Pignatti and, 87–88, 507n7, 507n9
Vatican press and, 82, 87, 165, 506n7, 507n9
“Day of Faith,” 253
Deák, István, 478, 559n20
De Bono, Emilio, 392
de Gaulle, Charles, 428
Dell’Acqua, Angelo
basic facts about, 241
deportation of Slovakian Jews and, 276
German roundups of Jews and, 385–87, 566n36
reports to Pius XII about extermination of Jews and, 241–42
The Deputy (Hochhuth), 463
De Stefani, Alberto, 310–11
Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, 90
Diana, Pasquale, 466
di Bèrgolo, Giorgio Calvi, 351
Di Consiglio, Mosè, 414
Di Meglio, Giuseppe, 274–75, 547n4
Di Revel, Thaon, 549n14
Di Rienzo, Eugenio, 389
Di Segni, Riccardo, 495n21
Dolci, Angelo, 492n3
Dole, Bob, 440
Dollmann, Eugen, 402, 403
Domenico Chirieleison, 404
Donovan, William “Wild Bill,” 430, 574n7
d’Ormesson, Vladimir
appraisal of Attolico by, 160–61
basic facts about, 147–48
final audience with Pius XII, 178–79
Pétain and, 177
Pius XI contrasted to Pius XII, 178
on Pius XII’s blaming French for German invasion, 148
on Pius XII’s fear of Germany, 178–79
Pius XII’s silence about situation in France, 160
Tisserant and, 151
E
Eaker, Ian, 399
Eden, Anthony
on Allied bombing of Vatican, 373–74
on bombing of Italy, 270, 546n17
invasion of Italy and, 286
on Italian military as laughing stock, 191
Roosevelt’s private message to Pius XII and, 297
on separate peace with Italy, 547n17
Eisenhower, Dwight
Allied assault in North Africa, 248
bombing of Vatican City and, 374, 552n4
invasion of Italy and, 286, 342–43
on negotiating with Badoglio government, 318
Rome as open city and, 327, 328, 336–37
on secret talks and armistice agreement with Badoglio government to end war, 342, 343–44
F
Farinacci, Roberto, 230
anti-Jewish racial laws and, 229–30
attacks on church figures, 168–71
