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1: Popperfoto / via Getty Images. Fototeca Gilardi.
2: AAV, Segr. Stato, 1939, Stati, posiz. 60, f. 5 @Archivio Apostolico Vaticano 2021. Reproduced by permission of the AAV, all rights reserved.
3: L’Illustration, Paris.
4: Biblioteca Statale di Cremona.
5: Sueddeutsche Zeitung Photo / Alamy Stock Photo.
6: Hulton Archive / via Getty Images.
7: AP Images.
8: Keystone / Staff / Hulton Archive/via Getty Images.
9: Keystone-France / Gamma-Keystone / via Getty Images.
10: Istituto Luce Cinecittà.
11: Austrian Archives / Imagno / Alinari Archives.
12: Historic Images.
13: Fototeca Gilardi.
14: Sueddeutsche Zeitung Photo / Alamy Stock Photo.
15: Marka / Universal Images Group / via Getty Images.
16: Sueddeutsche Zeitung Photo / Alamy Stock Photo.
17: Ullstein Picture Dtl. / Contributor / via Getty Images.
18: Ullstein bild Dtl. / Getty Images.
19: Archivio Generale Arcivescovile, Bologna.
20: Popperfoto / via Getty Images.
21: L’Avvenire (Rome).
22: Historic Images.
23: De Agostini Picture Library / via Getty Images.
24: INTERFOTO / Alamy Stock Photo.
25: Fototeca Gilardi.
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27: Ullstein bild Dtl. / Getty Images.
28: Fototeca Gilardi.
29: Historic Images.
30: Keystone / Hulton Archive / via Getty Images.
31: Ullstein Bild / Alinari Archives.
32: AP images.
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34: Ullstein bild Dtl. / Getty Images.
35: Keystone / Hulton Archive / via Getty Images.
36: Istituto Luce Cinecittà.
37: Sueddeutsche Zeitung Photo / Alamy Stock Photo.
38: Alinari Archives, Florence.
39: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München / Bildarchiv.
40: Popperfoto / via Getty Images.
41: UIG / Alinari Archives.
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of the book. Each link will take you to the beginning of the corresponding print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.
Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A
Action Française, 54
Albania, 41–42, 42, 53, 177
Alexander, Harold, 399
Alfieri, Dino, 97
basic facts about, xxii
Ciano and, 388
last meeting with Pius XII, 134–35, 515nn13–14
posted to Berlin, 133
presentation of credentials, 96
Ambrosio, Vittorio, 295
Andreotti, Giulio, 560n11
Anticoli, Rosa, 362–63
Attolico, Bernardo, 142
appointed Italy’s ambassador at Vatican, 142
attempts to get Pius XII to condemn Communism, 212–13, 532n23
basic facts about, xxii, 70, 133, 141, 164
death, 222
d’Ormesson’s appraisal of, 160–61
Hitler and, 141, 517n6
Mussolini’s joining Hitler in war and, 70, 160, 501n5
opinion of Hitler, 200
Pius XII’s last minute efforts for peace and, 503n19
on Pius XII’s support for Axis, 182
surveillance in Vatican and, 164, 522n26
at Vatican, 141
Vatican relations with nations at war with Italy and, 517n9
war news in Vatican newspaper and, 148, 149
Attolico, Eleonora, 141, 142, 517n6
Audisio, Walter, 456
Auschwitz, 367–68
Austria
annexation of, 6–7
Hitler praised by bishops in, 489n9
Jews in, 538n14
Nazi actions against Catholic Church in, 168
Avvenire, 163, 181, 354, 493n11
Avvenire di Roma, 163, 181, 354, 494n11, 548n2
Avvenire d’Italia, 149, 150, 174, 192, 206, 514n5
Azzariti, Gaetano, 313–14
B
Babuscio Rizzo, Francesco
Bartolomasi and, 207, 208, 321, 438, 439, 555n14
Churchill’s visit and, 432–33
move into Vatican by, 392–94, 567n10
postings of relatives of high Catholic Church officials and, 293, 551n36
proceedings against, 437, 574nn18–19
royal government and, 377–78, 563nn15–16
Badoglio, Pietro, 313
armistice with France, 155
basic facts about, 311, 317–18, 356
dismissed by Mussolini, 187
escape from Italy of, 347, 349
meeting with Victor Emmanuel III to end war, 549n14
opposition to war, 143
Badoglio, Pietro, government of
anti-Jewish racial laws and, 334–35
atmosphere of defeatism, 356
bombing of Vatican City and, 552n3
calls for obedience to, 322–23, 554n14
continuation of war, 313, 314
demonstrations against, 322–24
effects if alliance with Germany were renounced, 338–39
Eisenhower urging negotiations with, 318
Fascists arrested by, 337
German invasion of Italy and, 350–52
Italian military fighting with German military, 324
members of, 313–14, 321
Mussolini replaced by, 311, 312
Rome declared open city by, 335–37
secret talks and armistice agreement to end war, 333, 341–44, 556n13
unconditional surrender demanded by Allies of, 338
Vatican relations with, 332
warning from Churchill and Roosevelt against aiding government of, 318
Badoglio, Pietro, government of, in exile. See Italy, royal government
Balkans, 197–98
Barracu, Francesco, 563n7
Bartolomasi, Angelo
Bocchini and, 181
and Mussolini, 320
Pius XII and removal of, 438–39, 464–65, 574n22
resistance to Allies and, 289, 550n28
support for Axis cause, 192
Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls, 399–403, 568n26, 569nn27–30
Bastianini, Giuseppe
in Badoglio government, 321
as de facto foreign minister, 299
on handing over Jews to Germans, 278, 548n11
Mussolini’s joining Hitler in war and, 501n5
negotiations with British, 299–300, 552n13
positions held by, 512n6
on Ribbentrop, 115
Bastico, Ettore, 270
Baudrillart, Alfred
election of Pacelli as pope, 19–20, 21
Pius XI’s encyclical denouncing Nazi racism and antisemitism and, 491n30
Beckman, Francis, 209
Belgium, 129, 131–32, 134, 139–40
Benedict XV, 43
Bérard, Léon, 189, 213–14
Bergen, Diego von
actions against Catholic Church and, 249–50
election of Pacelli as pope, 18, 19, 492n2
first meeting with Pius XII, 27
last meeting with Pius XII, 261–62
on Maglione, 29
Pius XII and replacement of, 512n6
Pius XII as peacemaker, 47, 158
on Vatican relations with Germany, 47, 496nn11–12
Bernardini, Filippo
belief in Axis victory, 200
on meeting between Edda and Pancino, 568n18
reports about extermination of Jews sent to Pius XII by, 541n36
Bismarck, Otto von, 554n5
Blet, Pierre, 472
Bocchini, Arturo
death, 181
surveillance in Vatican and, 152–53, 164, 520n21
Bonomi, Ivanoe, 549nn14–15, 574n18
Borgongini Duca, Francesco, 55–56
basic facts about, xix
Ciano’s health and, 531n14
Mussolini’s complaints about lack of Vatican support and, 221
opinion of government ministers, 263–64
overthrow of Mussolini and, 288–89
postwar, 465
summary of success in church-state collaboration, 263–64
Vatican difficulties with rationing, 192
Bottai, Giuseppe
bombings of Italy effect on public, 250
Borgongini’s opinion of, 263
Pius XII’s contrast to Pius XI, 48
resolution to return military control and constitutional powers to Victor Emmanuel III, 308
Bracken, Brendan, 556n13
Britain
apostolic delegate to Egypt and Palestine, 537n11
Badoglio government desire for secret peace talks with, 333, 556n13
Bastianini’s negotiations attempts with, 299–300, 552n13
bombed by Germany, 165, 168
bombed by Italians, 252
bombing of Germany by, 247, 522n28
bombing of Italy by, 148, 156, 191, 193–94, 247, 272–73, 281, 441
bombing of Vatican by, 408–9
Danzig and, 52, 498n2
in Italian East Africa, 197
Italy’s invasion of Greece and, 176–77
Jews in Palestine and, 274–75, 547n4
Mussolini’s eagerness to join Germany in invasion of, 161–62
Nazi invasion of Belgium and, 132
Nazi plot to kidnap Pius XII and, 356–57, 559n21
in North Africa, 177, 187, 247–48
Pius XII as peacemaker and, 44, 158, 503n19
Pius XII’s condemnation of invasion of Poland and, 88, 507n10
Pius XII’s request to, that no “Allied coloured troops” be garrisoned in Rome, 398
POWs in Italy, 319, 554n5
request to Pius XII to speak against Nazi in, 524n8
Rommel and, 197
secret talks and armistice agreement with Badoglio government to end war, 341–44
in Sicily, 298
threatened bombing of Rome, 252–53, 542nn13–14
war declared on Germany, 81
Buffarini, Guido, 55
assumed victory of Germany, 516n1
basic facts about, xxii–xxiii
Borgongini’s opinion of, 263
dismissal of, 267, 268
Italian Jews on work details and, 229
Petacci and Rachele Mussolini and, 203
Pius XII and non-Italian baptized Jews, 226, 537n26
Pius XII’s complaints about treatment of Italian baptized Jews and, 55–56
Pius XII’s last minute efforts for peace and, 503n15
roundups of Jews and, 380–81, 565n25
suppression of immoral variety shows, 264
Bullitt, William, 135–36
Busti, Mario, 269
C
Caccia Dominioni, Camillo, 531n9
Calcagno, Tullio, 458
Camera Apostolica (1939), 19
Canali, Nicola, 519n18, 569n34
