The Princes in the Tower, page 55
36 Reverend W.H. Sewell, ‘Memoirs of Sir James Tyrell’, pp. 125–80 (p. 176).
37 W.E. Hampton, ‘Sir Robert Percy and his Wife’, Crown & People, p. 187.
38 Sewell, op. cit., pp. 176–77; GC, p. 319.
39 Moorhen, ‘John de la Pole’, p. 354.
40 CPR 1485–94, p. 78.
41 Harley 433, Vol. 1, p. 48.
42 Hampton, op. cit., p. 214.
43 CPR 1494–1509, p. 13.
44 CPR 1485–94, p. 173.
45 CPR 1476–85, p. 436.
46 Hampton, p. 210.
47 Harley 433, Vol. 2, p. 160; Vol. 1, p. 216.
48 Harley 433, Vol. 2, p. 25.
49 CPR 1476–85, p. 512; Harley 433, Vol. 1, p. 191.
50 Thanks to Margaret Watson, TMPP Research Report, 16.5.2018, pp. 1–24 (p. 16).
51 Ibid., pp. 2, 9–10. A former owner of the property, Victor Walton, asserted he held an ancient document transferring possession of Blagraves and High Shipley (Barnard Castle) to Forest from King Richard. It is unclear whether this was as king or duke, or whether this began the tradition in the town. It was owned by Walton prior to the Second World War: North Yorkshire and Cleveland Vernacular Buildings Study Group, Report No. 948 (1983), p. 1. Thanks to archivist David Cook, 21.6.22.
52 Thanks also to Daniel Blagg, great-great-great-grandson of Joseph Blanchett Brackenbury (b. 1788). Family tradition recalls: ‘the princes were not murdered by Richard III. Sir Robert had secreted them to “his other castle in the north of England” before the Battle of Bosworth. They were there when the battle took place and were then sent on for their safety to other secret places. If anyone killed them, it was Henry Tudor.’ Daniel adds, ‘Some years ago I spotted a short article in an American newspaper that stated that researchers in the Yorkshire archives had found documents from a castle there governed by Sir Robert Brackenbury, where suddenly in 1485 the expenses skyrocketed for unusual items like “fine cloth for clothing for their highnesses the princes”, and better food, etc.’ Investigations into this continue, including at Barnard Castle (Brackenbury Tower).
53 Tim Thornton, ‘More on a Murder’, JHA, 2020. For the response, see Chapter 8, Note 47.
54 Davies, ‘Information, disinformation … etc.’ pp. 228–53. For Henry VIII’s pride in his Yorkist ancestry, see p. 250.
55 Horrox, ODNB (Sir Edward Brampton).
56 Barrie Williams, ‘Sir Edward Brampton: The Portuguese Years’, Ricardian, Vol. 6, No. 84, March 1984, pp. 294–98 (p. 295). For the Isabel Pecche relationship, see Horrox, ODNB.
57 Margaret has been referred to as Catherine de Bahamonde (Roth, ‘Sir Edward Brampton’, Transactions Jewish Historical Society of England, 1945–51, Vol. 16). However, a history of the Carmelite Order in Portugal, written in the 1580s, notes that Sir Edward and his wife, Margarita Beamonda, endowed the Order’s Chapel of St Sebastian. Such great donors would scarcely have been incorrectly recorded: Barrie Williams, ‘Research Notes and Queries’, Bulletin, March 1986, pp. 226–29 (p. 228). Thanks to Marie Barnfield.
58 F.W. Weaver, Somerset Medieval Wills (1901), p. 112 – Thomas Beaumont (Beamonde) will, d. 1507.
59 Wroe, pp. 526–27.
60 Harley 433, Vol. 2, p. 91.
61 CPR 1476–85, pp. 490, 897.
62 Howard Books, Vol. 2, p. 312: ‘… my Lord … payed to Curteys for havenge owt the gret seale for my Lord to Flaundres, for the mater of the Dewke of Astryche [Duke of Austria]’ (12 November 1482).
63 John Ashdown-Hill, ‘The Opening of the Tombs of the Dukes of Richmond and Norfolk, Framlingham, April 1841: the Account of Revd J.W. Darby’, Ricardian, Vol. 18, pp. 100–07 (p. 103).
64 For the report of Howard’s death by arrow to the brain, see Bosworth Field: A Poem by Sir John Beaumont, (c. 1582–April 1627) of Grace Dieu, Leicestershire, published posthumously by his son in 1629: Nichols, History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester, Vol. IV.ii, ‘The Hundred of Sparkenhoe’ (1811), pp. 559–63 (p. 561). See also, William Hutton, The Battle of Bosworth Field (1788), pp. 101–02. Thanks to Ken Hillier for the sources. See also Yorkist Lord, p. 133. A stained-glass window that was once in Tendring Hall, Howard’s main residence (Suffolk), indicates he had fair hair.
65 CPR 1461–67, pp. 25, 269.
66 Horrox, Richard III: A Study of Service, p. 200.
67 Royal Funerals, pp. 16, 26, 35, 39. In the night vigil with Halneth and Colyns was also Sir William Parker, standard bearer for Richard III at Bosworth.
68 CPR 1476–85, p. 122, 29 August 1478.
69 Ibid., p. 371.
70 Ibid., p. 502.
71 Ibid., p. 490.
72 Ibid., p. 503.
73 CPR 1485–94, p. 39.
74 Ibid.
75 CCR 1485–1500, p. 181.
76 Metcalfe, Book of knights … etc. Thanks to Dr Sandra Pendlington. Also: W.E. Hampton, ‘Opposition to Henry Tudor after Bosworth’, Crown & People, p. 174.
77 Coronation, p. 371; CPR 1485–94, p. 225.
78 Thomas Stapleton (ed.), Plumpton Correspondence: A Series of Letters, Chiefly Domestick, written in the reigns of Edward IV, Richard III, Henry VII and Henry VIII (1839), p. 55.
79 CFR 1485–1509, p. 198. Thanks to Heather Falvey.
80 Coronation, pp. 371, 168, 170.
81 Ibid., pp. 386, 168.
82 Stapleton, op. cit., pp. 45, 46. Also Harley 433, Vol. 1, p. 260 and Vol. 2, p. 224; Coronation, p. 386.
83 Coronation, p. 386.
84 Ibid., p. 408. For the best pedigree see J. Foster (ed.), Visitations of Yorks 1584–5 (1875), p. 345.
85 CPR 1476–85, p. 515.
86 Ibid., p. 490.
87 Ibid., p. 556.
88 Ibid., p. 458.
89 Horrox, Richard III: A Study of Service, p. 105.
90 CPR 1476–85, pp. 247–48.
91 Harley 433, Vol. 3, pp. 8–9; Hungerford, Vol. 1, p. 48.
92 CPR 1476–85, p. 395.
93 Ibid., p. 371.
94 Ibid., p. 458.
95 Horrox, op. cit., p. 221 n. 141.
96 CPR 1485–94, p. 345.
97 Maskelyne and H.C. Maxwell Lyte, ‘IPM Henry VII, Entries 101–150’, Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem: Series 2, Vol. 1, Henry VII (London, 1898), pp. 41–60: www.british-history.ac.uk/inquis-post-mortem/series2-vol1/pp41-60. Thanks to Heather Falvey. Also TNA C/142/1/110 and C/142/1/132.
98 Arthurson, The Perkin Warbeck Conspiracy, Appendix B, p. 221. For yeoman as gentlemen in royal service, see Horrox, Richard III: A Study of Service, pp. 240–41 – with thanks to Annette Carson.
99 Crawford, Yorkist Lord, pp. 47, 168. See Howard Books for more on the Norris family’s long connection with John Howard.
100 Kenneth Hillier, ‘William Norris’, Crown & People, pp. 128–33 (pp. 129, 130).
101 Horrox, Study of Service, p. 221, fn. 141.
102 Bennett, p. 129.
103 CPR 1476–85, p. 508.
104 Hillier, Crown & People, p. 132.
105 The Visitation of London (1634), title page and p. 149 for Peirse family pedigree.
106 Visitation of London; also Dugdale’s Visitation of Yorkshire, Vol. 3, pp. 35–36. Although there is no reason to doubt the grant of the Sewer office (it would have been corroborated for Visitations of 1634 and 1666), there is no record of a John or Richard Peirse holding this office. A ‘J. Peirce’ is listed as Groom of the Great Chamber in Ordinary Without Fee, 9 November 1668. These grooms served as court messengers, numbered between 10–14, with a salary of £40: courtofficers.ctsdh.luc.edu/CHAMBER2.list.pdf (p. 44).
107 NYCRO, ZBA 5/1/13.
108 Francis W. Steer (ed.), ‘The Common Paper: Subscription to the Oath, 1613–28’ in Scriveners’ Company Commons Paper 1357–1628 With A Continuation To 1678 (1968), pp. 54–62, www.british-history.ac.uk/london-record-soc/vol4/pp54-62; also p. 211. John Peirse is described as ‘son of Henry Peirse of Bedale, co.Yorks, yeoman’. Thanks to Marie Barnfield for distinguishing yeoman (land)/Yeoman (militia).
109 NYCRO, ZBA 5/1/61.
110 Carol Kerry-Green, CKG Genealogy, TMPP Research Report, 5.8.2021, p. 4; lease of lands in Bedale to the Stapleton family, 2 December 1654, see U DDCA/15/3, Hull History Centre.
111 NYCRO, ZBA 5/5/1–2.
112 Charles Travis Clay (ed.), Early Yorkshire Charters (1963), Vol. XI, ‘The Percy Fee’, pp. 104–18.
113 Ibid., pp, 7–8 n. 13; Whitby Cartulary, ii, pp. 384–85 (No. 438).
114 Carol Kerry-Green, TMPP Research Report, 29.7.21; Survey of the Manor of Bedale, 1618: U DDCA2/57/1, Hull History Centre.
115 Hardy Bertram McCall, The Early History of Bedale in the North Riding of Yorkshire (1907), p. 68. Marmaduke died on 6 March 1609, see NYCRO, ZBA 20/1.
116 NYCRO, ZBA 5/1/9.
117 NYCRO, ZBA 5/1/12.
118 NYCRO, ZBA 17/1. Thanks to Carol Kerry-Green, 10.11.21.
119 Marmaduke received 40s, his son Henry 40s, also George and Anne Peerse ‘my sister’s children 40s each’, Christopher Peers 20s, his children 40s among them: Hardy Bertram McCall, The Early History of Bedale in the North Riding of Yorkshire (1907), p. 68. Thanks to Carol Kerry-Green for the Peirse/Percy timeline: TMPP Research Report, 29.7.2022.
120 Thanks to Lady Jadranka Beresford-Peirse for the Peirse family tree, 25.9.2021.
121 For Richard Peirse (Pearse), d. 1573, see Family Search website: www.familysearch.org/search/record/results?q.anyDate.from=1471&q. anyPlace=Lazenby&q.surname=Peirse.
122 For the Council at Wressil, see ‘The 5th Earl of Northumberland’s Household Book’, Monday, 30 September 1512. This Household Account began in 1512, so possibly Thomas was already employed earlier. Thanks to Christopher Hunwick, Archivist at Alnwick Castle, 2.3.2021. See also Thomas Percy, ‘Regulations & Establishments of the household of Henry Algernon Percy, 5th Earl of his castle Wresil & Leconfield’ (1827), pp. 1–2 (Carol Kerry-Green, Peirse/Percy timeline: TMPP Research Report, 29.7.2022.)
123 Surtees Society, Vol. 53, pp. 183–85. The Scarborough Peter Percy’s sons are Peter, Thomas and William, his wife is Allison. Peter’s brother, John Percy, is a merchant of Scarborough. His son is Robert, daughters Margaret and Elizabeth, and wife Elin. Robert’s children are Gregory, Peter, Margaret, Elyn and Kateryn.
124 Harley 433, Vol. 1, p. 153.
125 CPR 1471–85, p. 386. Poche was granted the position for life on 8 March 1484 at Westminster.
126 CFR 1471–85, p. 310. William Poche was described as Yeoman of the parish of St Mary of Barking in a mainprise grant, 18 February 1485.
127 Harley 433, Vol. 2, p. 212.
128 CFR 1485–1509, p. 71. The date of death for Sir William Pecche of Kent is recorded as 14 April 1488.
129 C.S.L. Davies, ODNB; Rodney Dennys, Heraldry and the Heralds (1982). Thanks to David Santiuste.
130 Davies, ODNB.
131 CPR 1476–85, p. 159. Tyrwhite, as the ‘king’s servant’, received a grant from Edward IV on 24 July 1479.
132 CPR 1476–85, p. 342. Tyrwhite received a pardon from Edward IV on 27 February 1483 for all offences committed by him.
133 CPR 1476–85, p. 565.
134 Ibid., p. 540. Harley 433, Vol. 2, p. 167.
135 Harley 433, Vol. 2, p. 35.
136 CPR 1476–85, p. 393.
137 Ibid., p. 398.
138 Harley 433, Vol. 2, pp. 210, 211.
139 CPR 1476–85, p. 512.
140 Harley 433, Vol. 1, p. 112.
141 Heralds’ Memoir, pp. 120, 148.
142 CPR 1500–1509, Vol. 2, p. 64.
143 Ibid., p. 174.
144 Memorials, p. 109.
145 Weightman, pp. 134–35.
146 Wroe, pp. 301, 518.
147 Weightman, p. 153.
148 An Elector was one of the highest-ranking princes of the Holy Roman Empire who was solely entitled to elect the Roman–German king (until 1806). In the original form there were seven electors, three of them spiritual (archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne) and four secular (Bohemia, Palatine, Saxony and Brandenburg). www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de/Lexikon/EN:Electors. For Albert: Dr P.C. Molhuysen and Prof. Dr P.J. Blok, ‘Albrecht van Saksen’, Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (1911), Deel 1.
149 The General Stadtholder was a deputy of the absent sovereign in a certain area of his realm. This official’s powers were not limited to military matters but also extended to administration and justice. The Stadtholder oversaw the troops and was responsible for recruitment and armament. He also carried out diplomatic missions. From 1452 onward the word ‘General’ was added to the title of Stadtholder. See: A. van Cruyningen, Stadtholders in de Nederlanden van Holland tot Vlaanderen (1448–1879), p. 12.
150 See Chapter 15.
151 Steven G. Ellis, ODNB.
152 Randolph Jones, ‘The Extraordinary Reign of “Edward VI” in Ireland, 1487–8’, Bulletin, March 2021, pp. 48–56 (pp. 53–54).
153 Ashdown-Hill, Dublin King, p. 155; The Book of Howth (1871), p. 189. For 1489 as the date of the meeting at Greenwich, Dublin King, pp. 155–56. For 1494 as the date of the meeting, see Randolph Jones, ‘Henry VII, the lords of Ireland and the two pretenders’, Bulletin, September 2022, pp. 72–76 (p. 75).
154 Ellis, ODNB.
155 Ibid.
156 Ibid.
157 Ibid.
158 Statute Rolls, Edward IV (22), pp. 897–901. Thanks to Randolph Jones.
159 Harley 433, Vol. 3, p. 36.
160 CPR 1476–85, p. 477; Harley 433, Vol. 3, pp. 111–12.
161 CPR 1485–94, p. 84. Kildare was Deputy by 25 September 1486. Circle, ‘A Calendar of Irish Chancery Letters c. 1244–1509’, Trinity College, NAI MS 2011 1 196: chancery.tcd.ie/roll/2-Henry-VII/patent.
162 ‘The Earls of Desmond (contd)’, Kerry Archaeological Magazine, Vol. 4, No. 17, October 1916, p. 56.
163 R.J. Schoeck, ODNB.
164 For Oxford, see Itinerary, p. 5; Hairsine, ‘Oxford and Richard III’, Crown and People, pp. 307–32 (p. 309). For Worcester and Warwick (5–14 August), see Early Historians, p. 122. For York (29 August–20 September), see Hammond, The Children of Richard III, pp. 29, 65–66; Appendix III, ‘Bedern College Statute Book’, p. 48. For Grantham (19–20 October), see Itinerary, p. 9; CCR No.1171 (membrane 13d); CCR 1476–85, pp. 346–47; also Foedera XII, p. 203. CCR source thanks to Jean Clare-Tighe.
165 Schoeck, ODNB.
166 Memorials, p. 26.
167 Schoeck, ODNB.
168 D. Williams, ‘Will of William Catesby’, p. 49.
169 For Brampton’s death in 1512 (not 1508), see B. Williams, ‘Sir Edward Brampton’, Ricardian, March 1984, p. 297; Grande Enciclopédia Portuguesa e Brasileira. Brampton may have died in England.
170 J.L. Bolton (ed.), The Alien Communities of London in the Fifteenth Century: The Subsidy Rolls of 1440 and 1483–4 (1998), p. 74; CPR 1485–94, p. 274.
171 Stuart Jenks (ed.), Quellen und Darstellungen Zur Hansischen Geschichte, Hanseatic History Association, Part III, No. 6, 2016, p. 57; Neue Folge, Vol. 74, Part III, No. 6; www.hansischergeschichtsverein.de. Thanks to Jean Clare-Tighe (24.8.2021).
172 CPR 1476–85, p. 413.
173 Ibid., p. 481.
174 Ibid., pp. 416, 479.
175 B. Williams, ‘Portuguese Connection’, p. 141.
176 Horrox, ODNB.
177 B. Williams, ‘Sir Edward Brampton’, Ricardian, p. 296.
178 Wroe, p. 22.
179 André, p. 60; Bolton, Alien Communities: Subsidy Rolls 1483–4, pp. 73–74. No French servant is recorded in Brampton’s household.
180 Wroe, p. 197.
181 Ibid., p. 526. For questions regarding the Setúbal Testimonies, see p. 41.
182 Ibid., p. 20.
183 Horrox, ODNB; Weaver, Somerset Medieval Wills, p. 112. The ‘John and Thomas Brampton’ who supported Richard of England had no connection to Sir Edward and Lady Margaret Brampton (Wroe, p. 178).
184 Alien Communities, p. 74. Brampton’s London house was in Broad Street Ward. See also ‘England’s Immigrants 1330–1550’, TNA, E 179/242/25 [1407]. Backdated to 25 June 1483.
185 Davies, ‘Jersey’, pp. 336 n. 18, 341, from Campbell, Materials, I, p. 316.
186 Ibid., from Materials, I, p. 186. Also: CPR 1485–94, p. 46.
187 Davies, ‘Jersey’, pp. 335 n. 10, 340.
188 Horrox, Study of Service, p. 8.
189 CFR 1471–85, p. 199.
190 Howard Books, Vol. 2, p. 38.
191 Ibid., p. 41.
192 Ibid., p. 312.
193 Colin Richmond, ‘Royal Administration and the Keeping of the Seas, 1422–1485’ (Thesis, University of Oxford, 1963), p. 522. Thanks to Jean Clare-Tighe. See also note 194.
194 Richmond, Thesis, Chapter 5 (‘The Pattern of Naval Activity’) p. 96.
195 Royal Funerals, pp. 16, 26, 35, 39.
196 Harley 433, Vol. 1, p. 256.
197 Ibid., p. 258.
198 Ibid., p. 275.
199 Ibid., p. 212.
200 Richmond, p. 522 n. 5; PRO E404/78/3/49.
201 Harley 433, Vol. 1, p. 180.
202 CPR 1476–85, p. 481.
203 Harley 433, Vol. 2, p. 213.
204 CPR 1476–85, p. 461.
205 CPR 1485–94, p. 142.
206 Freepages.rootsweb.com/~treevecwll/family/msrfowey1700.htm; Rot. Parl., vi, pp. 246–47 for Treffry attainted by Richard III; for the attainder reversed by Henry VII, see p. 273.
207 Harley 433, Vol. 2, p. 25 (‘Cs [100 shillings] to Jane Colyns for hire hole yere wages ending at Michelmess’ from Middleham Accounts, 25 Sept. 1483) and Vol. 1, p. 224 (annuity ‘ten markes for terme of her lyf of the Revenues of Wakefield’), possibly dated c. October 1484, therefore the annuity is likely granted following the death of Edward of Middleham. For Jane Colyns as the prince’s possible nurse, for wages paid and offerings while with him at nearby religious houses (Coverham, Jervaux, Fountains Abbey, etc.), see Hammond, Children of Richard III, pp. 20, 23–24.
208 Rot. Parl., vi, p. 276.
209 Howard’s epitaph at www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/thomashowardepitaph.gif. For the Tower, see Campbell, Vol. 1, p. 207, and Howard’s costs there, p. 208.
