The Princes in the Tower, page 57
22 John Bayley, The History and Antiquities of the Tower of London (1830), p. 343, already raised queries that one of the princes still lived.
23 Harley 433, Vol. 2, p. 211. Davy was the king’s tailor.
24 Dr A.J. Hibbard, TMPP Research Report, 22.11.2020. Peter Armstrong (one-name.org/name_profile/godsland/): ‘The Godsland surname is thought to be locative and comes from an area in the parish of Cruwys Morchard, Devon known as Gogland. C. Spiegelhalter in A Dictionary of Devon Surnames quotes this origin for the name and cites Wm. de Goggalond, 1329.’
25 T.L. Stoate (ed.), Devon Lay Subsidy Rolls 1524–1527 (1979), p. 123. At Burrington, a John Goddyslond had the designation ‘W1’, a category that included servants and workers on deer parks. Dorset (and subsequently Cecily Bonville) had land and tenants here.
26 T.L. Stoate and A.J. Howard (eds), The Devon Muster Roll for 1569 (1977), p. 109. This listed all those able to fight on a commission of array. John Goddesland, possibly son of the John Goddesland of interest, is listed as bellman or billman.
Appendix 7 Trois Enseignes Naturelz, 27 November–12 December 1493
1 Zoë Maula, TMPP Research Report, 14.12.2020. Trans. thanks to Dr Livia Visser-Fuchs.
2 RI XIV, 1, n. 136: Regesta, www.regesta-imperii.de/id/1493-11-27_1_0_14_1_0_136_136; and RI XIV, 1, n. 176: Regesta, www.regestaimperii.de/id/1493-12-12_2_0_14_1_0_176_176. Nicolo di Cesare, the Milanese envoy, reports from Vienna on 12 December 1493 that Maximilian has tried mediation between Henry VII and the Duke of York, but the English King remains distrustful. This document must therefore have been written between 27 November, when the Duke of York came to Maximilian’s court requesting aid, and its despatch on or after 12 December 1493. Appreciation to Dr Manfred Hollegger, Deputy Project Manager of the Regesta Imperii XIV, for sources and kind insights.
3 Using characters typical of a French or Burgundian writer, the letter was probably written at the Burgundian court or by one of Maximilian’s ‘French’ clerks: most likely, Antoine Waudripont, who is often revealed as author of Maximilian’s letters in the Regesta. Appreciation again to Dr. Manfred Hollegger.
4 Wroe, p. 132.
5 Ibid., p. 133.
Appendix 10 Maat, and Black & Hackman Reports: ‘Bones in the Urn’, 14 June 2018, 11 November 2021
1 See ‘The Sons of Edward IV: A Re-Examination of the Evidence on their Deaths and on the Bones in Westminster Abbey’ by P.W. Hammond and W.J. White, in Richard III: Loyalty, Lordship and Law (Yorkist History Trust, 1986, 2000), p. 152.
Bibliography
Arthurson, Ian, The Perkin Warbeck Conspiracy 1491–1499 (Sutton Publishing, 1994, 1997).
Ashdown-Hill, John, Richard III’s ‘Beloved Cousyn’: John Howard and the House of York (The History Press, 2009).
Ashdown-Hill, John, Eleanor: The Secret Queen: The Woman Who Put Richard III on the Throne (The History Press, 2009, 2016).
Ashdown-Hill, John, The Dublin King (The History Press, 2015).
Ashdown-Hill, John, The Mythology of the Princes in the Tower (Amberley, 2018).
Ashdown-Hill, John, Elizabeth Widville, Lady Grey: Edward IV’s Chief Mistress and the ‘Pink Queen’ (Pen and Sword History, 2019).
Attreed, Lorraine C., York House Books 1461–1490 (Alan Sutton for Richard III and Yorkist History Trust, 1991).
Bacon, Francis, The History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh, edited by Roger Lockyer (Folio Society, 1971).
Baldwin, David, Stoke Field: The Last Battle of the Wars of the Roses (Pen & Sword, 2006).
Baldwin, David, The Lost Prince: The Survival of Richard of York (The History Press, 2007).
Bayley, John, The History and Antiquities of the Tower of London: With Memoirs of Royal and Distinguished Persons, Deduced from Records, State-Papers, and Manuscripts, and from Other Original and Authentic Sources (Jennings & Chaplin, 1830).
Bennett, Michael, Lambert Simnel and the Battle of Stoke (Alan Sutton, 1987).
Bolton, J.L., (ed.), The Alien Communities of London in the Fifteenth Century: The Subsidy Rolls of 1440 and 1483–4 (Richard III &Yorkist History Trust with Paul Watkins, 1998).
Buchon, Jean Alexandre C., Chroniques de Jean Molinet 1474–1504, five volumes (Paris, 1827–28).
Burke, John, A Genealogical and Heraldic History of Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland (1838).
Campbell, William (ed.), Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry VII (Longman, 1873).
Carlson, David R., English Humanist Books: Writers and Patrons, Manuscript and Print 1475–1525 (University of Toronto Press, 1993).
Carpenter, Christine, Kingsford’s Stonor Letters and Papers 1290–1483 (Cambridge University Press, 1996).
Carson, Annette, Richard III: The Maligned King (The History Press, 2008, 2013).
Carson, Annette (ed.), Finding Richard III: The Official Account of Research by the Retrieval & Reburial Project (Imprimis Imprimatur, 2014).
Carson, Annette, Richard, Duke of Gloucester as Lord Protector and High Constable of England (Imprimis Imprimatur, April 2015).
Carson, Annette, Domenico Mancini: de occupatione regni Anglie (Imprimis Imprimatur, 2021).
Cavell, Emma (ed.), The Heralds’ Memoir 1486–1490: Court Ceremony, Royal Progress and Rebellion (Richard III and Yorkist History Trust with Shaun Tyas, 2009).
Chastelain, Jean-Didier, L’Imposture de Perkin Warbeck (Office de Publicité, 1952).
Chrimes, S.B., Henry VII (Yale University Press, 1999).
Clay, Charles Travis (ed.), Early Yorkshire Charters (Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1963).
Cooper, Charles Henry, Annals of Cambridge, Volume 1 (Cambridge University Press, 1842).
Crawford, Anne (ed.), The Household Books of John Howard, Duke of Norfolk, 1462–1471, 1481–1483 (Alan Sutton for Richard III and Yorkist History Trust, 1992).
Crawford, Anne, Yorkist Lord: John Howard, Duke of Norfolk c. 1425–1485 (Continuum, 2010).
Cunningham, Sean, Richard III: A Royal Enigma (TNA, Richmond Surrey, 2003).
Davis, Norman, The Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century, Part II (Oxford University Press, 2004).
Edwards, Rhoda, The Itinerary of King Richard III 1483–1485 (Alan Sutton Publishing for the Richard III Society, 1983).
Ellis, Henry (ed.), Three Books of Polydore Vergil’s English History Comprising the Reigns of Henry VI, Edward IV and Richard III (Camden Society, London, 1844).
Fabyan, Robert, The New Chronicles of England and France in Two Parts (Pynson’s edition, 1516; ed. Henry Ellis, London, 1811).
Fields, Bertram, Royal Blood: King Richard III and the Mystery of the Princes (ReganBooks, 1998; Sutton Publishing, 2000).
Foard, Glenn, and Curry, Anne, Bosworth 1485: A Battlefield Rediscovered (Oxbow, 2013).
Gairdner, James (ed.), Memorials of Henry VII (1858).
Gairdner, James, Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII, Vols I and II (Longmans, 1861 & 1863).
Gairdner, James, The History of the Life and Reign of Richard the Third to which is Added the Story of Perkin Warbeck from Original Documents (Longmans, 1878).
Gairdner, James, Henry the Seventh (MacMillan & Co., 1889).
Gairdner, James (ed.), The Paston Letters (1904; Gloucester: reprint Alan Sutton Publishing, 1986).
Gilbert, John Thomas, History of the Viceroys of Ireland (Dublin: James Duffy, 1865).
Grafton, Richard, The Chronicle of John Hardyng … Together with the Continuation by Richard Grafton (1543; ed. Henry Ellis, London, 1812).
Grafton, Richard, Grafton’s Chronicle at Large (1558; London: ed. Henry Ellis, 1809).
Griffiths, Ralph A., and Sherborne, James, Kings and Nobles in the Later Middle Ages (St Martin’s Press, 1986).
Hall, Edward, The Union of the Two Noble Houses of Lancaster and York (1548; London: ed. Henry Ellis, 1809).
Halsted, Caroline, Richard III as Duke of Gloucester and King of England, Vols I and II (1844; Alan Sutton, 1980).
Hammond, P.W. (ed.), Richard III: Loyalty, Lordship and Law (Richard III and Yorkist History Trust, 2000).
Hammond, P.W., and Sutton, Anne F., Richard III: The Road to Bosworth Field (Constable London, 1985).
Hammond, Peter, The Children of Richard III (Fonthill, 2018).
Hampton, W.E., Memorials of the Wars of the Roses: A Biographical Guide (Alan Sutton Publishing for the Richard III Society, 1979).
Hanham, Alison, Richard III and His Early Historians 1483–1485 (Clarendon Press, 1975).
Hanham, Alison (ed.), The Cely Letters 1472–1488 (Oxford University Press, 1975).
Hay, Denys, The Anglica Historia of Polydore Vergil 1485–1537 (Royal Historical Society, 1950).
Hibbard, A.J., Richard (Plantagenet) Third Duke of Gloucester and Third King of England, of that Name, & the Most Noble Order of the Garter (2016).
Hicks, Michael, Edward V: The Prince in the Tower (Tempus Publishing, 2003).
Hobbins, Daniel (ed.), Bernard André: The Life of Henry VII (1500; Italica Press, 2011).
Holinshed, Raphael, The Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (1577; extended edition 1587; ed. Henry Ellis, 1807–08).
Horrox, Rosemary, Richard III: A Study of Service (Cambridge University Press, 1989).
Horrox, Rosemary, and Hammond, P.W. (eds), British Library Harleian MS 433, Vols 1–4 (Richard III Society, 1979–83).
Ingram, Mike, Richard III and the Battle of Bosworth (Helion and Company, 2019).
Jones, Michael (ed.), Philippe de Commynes Memoirs, 1461–1483 (Penguin, 1972).
Jones, Michael K., Bosworth 1485: The Psychology of a Battle (Tempus Publishing, 2002).
Kendall, Paul Murray, Richard III (1955; reprint Sphere Books, 1972).
Kincaid, Arthur (ed.), The Encomium of Richard III by Sir William Cornwallis the Younger (1616; Turner & Devereux, 1977).
Kincaid, Arthur (ed.), The History of King Richard the Third (1619) by Sir George Buc, Master of the Revels (Society of Antiquaries, Richard III Society, 2023).
Kleineke, Hannes, and Hovland, Stephanie R., The Estate and Household Accounts of William Worsely, Dean of St Paul’s Cathedral 1479–1497 (Richard III and Yorkist History Trust with Shaun Tyas, 2004).
Kleineke, Hannes, and Steer, Christian (eds), ‘The Yorkist Age: Proceedings of the 2011 Harlaxton Symposium’, Harlaxton Medieval Studies, Vol. XXIII (Shaun Tyas and Richard III and Yorkist History Trust, 2013).
Kleyn, D.M., Richard of England (Jacobyte Books, 2001, reprint 2013).
Lamb, V.B., The Betrayal of Richard III (The History Press, 2015).
Langley, Philippa, and Jones, Michael, The Lost King: The Search for Richard III (first published as The King’s Grave) (John Murray, 2013, 2022).
Lewis, Matthew, Richard, Duke of York: King By Right (Amberley, 2016).
Lewis, Matthew, The Survival of the Princes in the Tower (The History Press, 2017).
Lewis, Matthew, Richard III: Loyalty Binds Me (Amberley, 2018).
Lindsay, Philip, King Richard III: A Chronicle (Ivor Nicholson & Watson, 1933).
Mackinder, Richard, Bosworth: The Archaeology of the Battlefield (Pen & Sword, 2021).
Markham, Sir Clements R., Richard III: His Life and Character (Smith Elder & Co., 1906; reprint Redwood Press, 1968).
Matthews, Bronwyn, Les Chroniques de Jersey (Société Jersiaise, 2017).
McCall, H.B., The Early History of Bedale in the North Riding of Yorkshire (Elliot Stock, 1907).
Nicolas, Nicholas Harris, Privy Purse Expenses of Elizabeth of York: Wardrobe Accounts of Edward the Fourth (William Pickering, 1830; Frederick Muller, 1972).
Nicols, John Gough, Grants of King Edward the Fifth (Camden Society, AMS Press, 1968).
O’Connor, Stephen, Polydore Vergil’s Life of Richard III: An Edition of the Original Manuscript (1513; Richard III Society, 2021).
Page, William (ed.), A History of the County of York, North Riding (Victoria County History, London, 1914).
Parnell, Geoffrey, The Tower of London (English Heritage, B.T. Batsford, 1993).
Parnell, Geoffrey, The Tower of London: Past & Present (The History Press, 1998, revised edition 2009).
Penn, Thomas, Winter King: The Dawn of Tudor England (Penguin, 2011).
Percy, Ralph, Duke of Northumberland, Lions of the North: The Percys of Alnwick Castle: A Thousand Years of History (Scala Arts & Heritage Publishers, 2019).
Petre, J. (ed.), Richard III: Crown & People (Richard III Society, Gloucester, 1985).
Pollard, A.J., North-Eastern England During the Wars of the Roses: Lay Society, War, and Politics 1450–1500 (Clarendon Press, 1990).
Pollard, A.J., Richard III and the Princes in the Tower (Alan Sutton Publishing, 1991).
Pritchard, Bob, Battle of Bosworth: Nobles and Knights’ Profiles (Instaprint Rugeley, 2018).
Pronay, Nicholas, and Cox, John (eds), The Crowland Chronicle Continuations 1459–1486 (Richard III and Yorkist History Trust, 1986).
Rastell, John, The Pastime of People or the Chronicles of Divers Realms; and Most Especially of the Realm of England (1529; ed. Thomas Frognall Dibdin, 1811).
Ross, Charles, Richard III (Methuen, 1981, 1988).
Rous, John, The Rous Roll (William Pickering, 1859; Alan Sutton Publishing, 1980).
Sanceau, Elaine, The Perfect Prince: A Biography of the King Dom João II (Barcelos, 1959).
Santiuste, David, Edward IV and the Wars of the Roses (Pen & Sword, 2010).
Schofield, John, Medieval London Houses (Yale University Press, 1995, 2003).
Scofield, Cora L., The Life and Reign of Edward the Fourth: King of England and France and Lord of Ireland, Vol. 2 (Fonthill Media, 2016 reprint).
Speed, John, History of Great Britain (London, 1611).
Stapleton, Thomas (ed.), Plumpton Correspondence: A Series of Letters, Chiefly Domestick, Written in the Reigns of Edward IV, Richard III, Henry VII and Henry VIII (Camden Society, 1839).
Stevens Cox, Gregory, Guernsey’s Medieval Castles (Toucan Press, 2012).
Stow, John, Annales or a General Chronicle of England (1592, 1631).
Sutton, Anne F., and Hammond, P.W. (eds), The Coronation of Richard III: The Extant Documents (Alan Sutton Publishing, 1983).
Sutton, Anne F., and Visser-Fuchs, Livia, The Hours of Richard III (Sutton Publishing, 1990, 1996).
Sutton, Anne F., and Visser-Fuchs, Livia, Richard III’s Books (Sutton Publishing, 1997).
Sutton, Anne F., and Visser-Fuchs, Livia, with Griffiths, R.A., The Royal Funerals of the House of York at Windsor (Richard III Society, 2005).
Sylvester, Richard S. (ed.), St Thomas More: The History of King Richard III and Selections from the English and Latin Poems (Yale University Press, 1976).
Syvret, Marguerite, and Stevens, Joan, Balleine’s History of Jersey (Société Jersiaise; Phillimore, 2011).
Thomas, A.H., and Thornley, I.D. (eds), The Great Chronicle of London (George W. Jones, London, 1938; Alan Sutton Publishing, 1983).
Throsby, John, The History and Antiquities of the Ancient Town of Leicester (1792).
Toulmin Smith, Lucy (ed.), The Maire of Bristowe I’s Kalendar by Robert Ricart Town Clerk of Bristol 18 Edward IV (Camden Society, 1872).
Trémoille, Louis de la, Correspondance de Charles VIII et de Ses Conseillers Avec Louis II de la Trémoille Pendant la Guerre de Bretagne (1488) (Paris: 1878).
Tucker, Melvin J., The Life of Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey and Second Duke of Norfolk 1443–1524 (Mouton & Co., 1964).
Walpole, Horace, Historic Doubts on the Life and Reign of King Richard the Third (1768, reprint 1974).
Weightman, Christine, Margaret of York: The Diabolical Duchess (Amberley, 2009).
Weir, Alison, Elizabeth of York: A Tudor Queen and her World (Ballantine Books, 2013).
Wilkins, Christopher, The Last Knight Errant: Edward Woodville and the Age of Chivalry (I.B. Tauris & Co., 2010).
Wilkinson, Josephine, Richard: The Young King to Be (Amberley, 2008, 2009).
Wilkinson, Josephine, The Princes in the Tower (Amberley, 2013).
Williamson, Audrey, The Mystery of the Princes (Amberley, 1978, 2010).
Wroe, Ann, Perkin: A Story of Deception (Vintage, 2004).
Contributors
Nathalie Nijman-Bliekendaal (Joined Project: 7 July 2016)
Nathalie Nijman-Bliekendaal, a Dutch national, graduated from the University of Leiden in 1993, where she studied (criminal) law. She started her career at the Court of Appeal in the Hague and after four years provided legal support to victims of crime, first at the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority and later at Victim Support Netherlands. After having worked successfully in this field for many years, in 2016 she left to follow her heart and real passion – European medieval history – eventually becoming the Lead Researcher of The Missing Princes Project Dutch Research Group. Nathalie’s current research is focusing on the genealogy of the ‘Van Weerbeke/De Werbeque’ family from Oudenaarde and Tournai (and their apparent linkages with the cities of Bruges and Gent (Flanders)), and finding new source material in Portugal related to the Duke of York’s Portuguese years.
Jean Roefstra (Joined Project: 30 November 2016)
Jean Roefstra, a Dutch national, studied archaeology and castle science at Utrecht University (privatissimum classes Prof. Dr. J.G.N. Renaud). Jean regularly collaborates with forensic anthropologists and taught at the Criminal Investigation Department (police) about archaeological clues in the excavation and identification of human skeletal remains. He worked for thirty-five years as a historical archaeologist at the National Service for Archaeological Soil Research in North Holland. He is Chairman of the Historical Archaeology Foundation (SHA). From 2006, he worked on the excavations at Egmond Abbey. He also participated in the re-excavation, dating and identification of the Counts of Holland and their families with Professors George Maat and Erik Cordfunke. Since 2000 he’s worked as Deputy Archaeological Deposit Holder for the Province of North Holland. Jean has published extensively.
