The Princes in the Tower, page 54
16 Heralds’ Memoir, pp. 88–89.
17 Ibid., p. 108; Bennett, p. 50.
18 Heralds’ Memoir, p. 109.
19 Vergil-2, p. 21. Bacon, Henry the Seventh (Lockyer, ed.) p. 64.
20 Neil Whalley, TMPP Research Report from: CPR 1461–67, p. 118 (1462); Rot. Parl., VI, pp. 107–08 (1474); W. Farrer & J. Brownbill (eds), Victoria History of the County of Lancaster (1914), Vol. VIII, p. 302, n. 100 (1498). Thanks also: Isobel Sneesby. Following Lord Bonville’s death at the Battle of Wakefield (1460), Katherine married William, Lord Hastings (1462). Katherine died on 12 February 1504 when Gleaston and Aldingham passed to Cecily Bonville.
21 Heralds’ Memoir, p. 146. Dorset’s name was omitted from the list of nobles present; see p. 148 for the presence of his son, Sir Thomas Grey.
22 CCR 1485–1500, p. 122. Dorset was granted the office of Steward of Claveryng, Essex.
23 CCR 1485–1500, p. 67. On 19 July 1488, Dorset was awarded several grants which may indicate his release at this time. Heralds’ Memoir (before Easter 1490) does not record Dorset’s release.
24 CCR 1485–1500, p. 122.
25 Vergil, 1555, Book XXVI; see Vergil-2, p. 6n. Dorset’s (apparent) improved behaviour may suggest the need to keep his head down.
26 CCR 1485–1500, pp. 180–81.
27 GC, p. 285.
28 CPR 1485–94, p. 388; CCR 1485–1500, pp. 177–78.
29 Vergil-2, p. 52.
30 CPR 1485–94, p. 425. Lisle’s mother Joan Grey also received a pardon.
31 John Nichols, A Collection of all the Wills, now known to be extant, of the Kings and Queens of England (1780), pp. 350–51; TNA, PRO B 11/9/207, 10 April 1492. Thanks to Dr Heather Falvey.
32 David MacGibbon, Elizabeth Woodville: A Life (1938, 2014), p. 163. Elizabeth’s daughter, Anne of York, offered the Mass penny.
33 CCR 1485–1500, p. 237.
34 Ibid., p. 246. In 1494, Baron West’s heir, Thomas, had married Elizabeth Bonville, daughter and co-heiress of John Bonville, Esquire of Shute, Devon.
35 Ibid., p. 289. This includes the Earl of Devon (£1,000) and Sir John Arundel (his son-in-law, 500 marks).
36 CPR 1494–1509, p. 110.
37 W.E. Hampton, ‘The Ladies of the Minories’, Crown & People, pp. 195–202 (pp. 199, 202 n. 17).
38 CFR 1485–1509, p. 316.
39 Memorials, pp. 189–92. This is the tomb monument of Sir Edward Grey, Lord Ferrers of Groby (d. 1457). Thanks to Dr Tobias Capwell.
40 Wroe, p. 504.
41 Mancini, p. 45.
42 Maligned King, p. 26.
43 Mancini, p. 86 n. 33; J.L. Laynesmith, Cecily, Duchess of York (2017), p. 153.
44 Mancini, pp. 86–87. Only later did Richard, as king, perhaps from newly accessed evidence, intimate in correspondence that the Woodvilles had acted unlawfully to bring about certain executions: J. Ashdown-Hill and A.J. Carson, ‘The Execution of the Earl of Desmond’, Ricardian, 2005, pp. 70–93.
45 Mancini, p. 45.
46 Maligned King, pp. 65–66.
47 Heralds’ Memoir, pp. 104–05.
48 Ibid., p. 104.
49 Vergil-2, pp. 17–19; Bacon, Henry the Seventh, pp. 58–59. The Council at Sheen took place around 2 February–3 March 1487; Heralds’ Memoir, p. 108.
50 Vergil-2, p. 6.
51 Campbell, Vol. 2, pp. 148–49.
52 Bacon, pp. 59–60.
53 J. Armitage Robinson, The Abbot’s House at Westminster (1911), p. 22. Thanks to Eileen Bates for source, 12.11.2021.
54 Heralds’ Memoir, p. 117.
55 Ibid., p. 147. For Henry’s attendance at Elizabeth of York’s coronation, see p. 140. A stage was erected near the high altar where Henry (and his mother) watched behind latticework.
56 Campbell, Vol. 2, p. 225.
57 Ibid., pp. 319–20.
58 Weir, Elizabeth of York, p. 292.
59 Campbell, Vol. 2, pp. 322, 555.
60 James Gairdner, DNB: Leland, Collectanea, Vol. 4, pp. 239, 249. See note 12.
61 fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Luxembourg_(p%C3%A8re)
62 Nichols, Collection of Wills, pp. 350–51 (see note 31).
63 Prior of Sheen Charterhouse (John Ingleby); (Dr Thomas) Brent, Elizabeth’s chaplain; Edmund (Edward) Haute, her executor/cousin; Grace, bastard daughter of Edward IV, and ‘an other gentilewoman’: MacGibbon, op. cit., p. 162. Richard Woodville died the previous year: Royal Funerals, p. 68.
64 See Chapter 8.
65 Harley 433, Vol. 2, p. 63.
66 Itinerary, p. 10.
67 Harley 433, Vol. 1, p. 213.
68 Harley 433, Vol. 2. p. 130.
69 Williams, ‘Will of William Catesby’, p. 49 nn. 82–83.
70 Rot. Parl., vi, p. 284.
71 Campbell, Vol. 1, p. 311; C.S.L Davies, ODNB.
72 Heralds’ Memoir, pp. 134, 141, 147.
73 ODNB.
74 Ibid.
75 E101/414/16 f.82r (Revenues of Lands),1497. Thanks to Lynda Pidgeon.
76 Visser-Fuchs, ‘Where did Elizabeth of York find Consolation?’, Ricardian, Vol. 9, 1993, pp. 469–71: BL, Harleian MS y 49; BL, MS Royal 20 A xix f.195.
77 For Elizabeth of York’s letter relating to Portuguese marriage, see Buc, pp. 330–31.
78 For Richard’s denial of the rumour of an intended marriage, see David Johnson, ‘The Remarkable Rise of Sir Richard Ratcliffe’, Court Journal, Autumn 2021, pp. 14–16 (p. 16); Road to Bosworth, p. 199 n. 167; L. Lyall & F. Watney (eds), The Acts of Court of the Mercers’ Company 1453–1527 (Cambridge, 1936), pp. 173–74.
79 Crowland, p. 177.
80 David Johnson, ‘Ardent Suitor or Reluctant Groom? Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Part Two: Reluctant groom’, Bulletin, March 2020, pp. 37–41: www.revealingrichardiii.com/the-pre-contract.html.
81 Lynda Pidgeon, Brought Up of Nought: A History of the Woodville Family (2019), pp. 226, 311. The Papal Bull Henry obtained from Pope Innocent VIII ‘appears to have given him a “let out” clause, with or without children by Elizabeth’.
82 For Henry and Elizabeth’s children, see Weir, op. cit., pp. 348–49.
83 Heralds’ Memoir, p. 136.
84 Weir, op. cit., p. 329: Henry VII Privy Purse.
85 André, p. 69.
86 Weir, pp. 278–80; Calendar State Papers, Spain, and Privy Purse Expenses; Appendix II, pp. 471–76.
87 Weir, p. 358; Calendar State Papers, Spain.
88 Weir, pp. 422–23. In 1506, Henry added the gallery recorded as ‘the Queen’s Gallery’ (see 1597 plan), p. 546 n. 59.
89 Weir, p. 409.
90 For Elizabeth’s progress, see Weir, op. cit., pp. 409–15.
91 Nicholas Harris Nicolas, Privy Purse Expenses of Elizabeth of York: Wardrobe Accounts of Edward the Fourth (1830, 1972 facs. edn), p. 8. Elizabeth’s Accounts record sums given to the abbess, her ageing servant and three nuns at the Minories on 1 May 1502 when Elizabeth was at the Tower Palace. See note 87 for Elizabeth’s further sums to the same (7 November 1502, when again at the Tower).
92 Hampton, ‘Ladies of the Minories’, Crown & People, pp. 197–99.
93 Weir, pp. 426, 440.
94 Christopher Harper-Bill, ODNB.
95 Langley and Jones, The Lost King (2022, 2013), p. 165; Jones, Bosworth 1485: Psychology of a Battle (2002), pp. 82, 105, 109. For Richard’s only surviving letter to his mother on 3 June 1484, following death of his son, see Road to Bosworth, pp. 193–94; Harley 433, Vol. 1, p. 3.
96 Lost King, pp. x–xi, 280; Joanna Laynesmith, ‘Remembering Richard’, Bulletin, June 2016, pp. 27–28; also ‘In the Service of Cecily, Duchess of York’, Bulletin, September 2017, pp. 54–56.
97 Laynesmith, Cecily, p. 165.
98 Ibid., p. 169.
99 Ibid., p. 179. While visiting Fotheringhay, Elizabeth I became aware of the decay to Cecily’s and Richard’s monuments. In 1573, their coffins were exhumed and reburied with new monuments, observable today.
100 Royal Funerals, pp. 17, 36.
101 Coronation, p. 20.
102 J.A.F. Thomson, ‘Bishop Lionel Woodville and Richard III’, Historical Research, Vol. 59, Issue 139, May 1986, pp. 130–35 (p. 132); CPR 1476–85, p. 559.
103 Robert C. Hairsine, ‘Oxford University and the Life and Legend of Richard III’, Crown and People, p. 309.
104 Thomson, op. cit., p. 132; CPR 1476–85, p. 569.
105 J.A.F. Thomson, ODNB.
106 Thomson, ‘Lionel Woodville’, p. 134; Epistolae Academicae Oxon, ii, pp. 489–90.
107 Harley 433, Vol. 2, p. 92.
108 CPR 1476–85, p. 387; Rot. Parl., vi, p. 250.
109 Ian Rogers, www.girders.net; source AALT (CP40no888).
110 Harley 433, Vol. 2, p. 177.
111 Memorials, p. 203.
112 Scofield, Edward the Fourth, Vol. 1, p. 178 n. 1. Thanks to David Santiuste.
113 For commissions in 1480 (Bedford Castle, Bedfordshire, Oxford) and February 1483 (Berkshire), see CPR 1476–85, pp. 212, 553–54, 569.
114 CPR 1476–85, p. 567.
115 Ibid.
116 Harley 433, Vol. 3, p. 216.
117 Rot. Parl., vi, p. 246.
118 Harley 433, Vol. 1, p. 266; CPR 1476–85, p. 532.
119 Rot. Parl., vi, pp. 273–74
120 Heralds’ Memoir, pp. 71, 81; also Rot. Parl., vi, p. 273 (Henry VII, 1st Parliament).
121 Heralds’ Memoir, p. 102.
122 Ibid., p. 146.
123 Ibid., pp. 111–20.
124 CPR 1485–94, pp. 494–95 for Commissions of the Peace in Northamptonshire before 27 November 1490.
125 Heralds’ Memoir, pp. 166–71. Richard Woodville was last listed on a Commission of the Peace for Northamptonshire on 27 November 1490: CPR 1485–94, p. 495.
126 IPM, Henry VII, Vol. 1, No. 681. Thanks to Peter Hammond for source.
127 N.H. Nicholas, Testamenta Vetusta (1826), Vol. 2, p. 403. Thanks to Dr Heather Falvey. Richard Woodville’s will was written on 20 February 1490 (1491 New Style) and proved on 23 March 1492 (poss. error for 1491). See also Carol Dougherty and Peter Charnley, ‘The Magic of Medieval Wills, including Richard Woodville’, Bulletin, March 2021, pp. 60–64 (pp. 62–63); also, Reverend R.M. Serjeantson and W.R.D. Adkins (eds), Victoria History of the County of Northampton (1906), Vol. 2, p. 128.
128 Portugal: James Gairdner, The Paston Letters (1986), Vol. 1, p. 263. For Morat, see Scofield, Vol. 2, p. 165.
129 Elaine Sanceau, The Perfect Prince: A Biography of the King Dom João II (1959), pp. 296, 297.
130 Heralds’ Memoir, p. 103.
131 Louis de la Trémoille, Correspondance de Charles VIII et de Ses Conseillers Avec Louis II de la Trémoille Pendant la Guerre de Bretagne (1488) (Paris, 1878) pp. 238–39. Letter from Henry VII to Charles VIII of France, Windsor, 27 May 1488: gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5600572n.texteImage (trans. thanks to Annette Carson).
132 A stone monument in Brittany records who fought in the battle that ended its independence: Christopher Wilkins, The Last Knight Errant: Edward Woodville and the Age of Chivalry (2010), pp. 164 n. 34, 216.
133 Trémoille, Correspondance de Charles VIII, p. 238, ‘hors des franchises’ means ‘out of sanctuary’. Trans. thanks to Dr Michael K. Jones.
134 Ibid., p. 239.
135 Wilkins, The Last Knight Errant, p. 153. See Gairdner, Paston Letters, Vol. 6, pp. 111–12, William Paston’s letter of 13 May 1488.
136 CPR 1469–77, pp. 261, 312.
137 Rosemary Horrox, ODNB.
138 CPR 1476–85, p. 477. The de la Pole Roll (inaccurately called the ‘Lincoln Roll’) is a family genealogy from 1496 held at Rylands Library, Manchester University. The Roll, though confusing the information around the appointment, reveals that the family viewed it as creating John heir presumptive. Dating and name correction thanks to Alice Johnson, TMPP Research Report, 19.5.2022. For the original dating to 1484, see Philip Morgan, ‘“Those Were The Days”: A Yorkist Pedigree Roll’, in Sharon Michalove & A. Compton Reeves (eds), Estrangement, Enterprise and Education in Fifteenth Century England (1998), pp. 107–16 (p. 116).
139 Rosemary Horrox, ODNB.
140 Bennett, pp. 51, 146 n. 25. Money for Edward V, to aid Lincoln, was sent abroad (via a John Mayne) by John Sant, Abbot of Abingdon, Oxfordshire (19 miles from Lovell’s home at Minster Lovell). On 30 March 1487, a report in York had Lincoln wishing to join the rebels when he was last in the city in April 1486 (with Henry VII): York Books, Vol. 2, p. 542.
141 Vergil-2, p. 19. See also: Wendy E.A. Moorhen, ‘The Career of John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln’, Ricardian, Vol. 13, 2003, pp. 341–58 (p. 356). Lincoln ‘daily spoke with him’ (Warwick) at Sheen (from Morton’s Register). See also Heralds’ Memoir, p. 109.
142 York Books, Vol. 2, pp. 541–42.
143 The Roll incorrectly records this being an announcement at King Richard’s Parliament in 1484. Richard’s Parliament took place in the medieval year of 1483, prior to his son’s death (in 1484). Trans. thanks to Marie Barnfield, 22 October 2021. For the de la Pole Pedigree Roll: Ryland’s Library: Latin MS 113. Also see Chapter 19.
144 Dickon Whitewood, ‘The Seal Matrix of John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln’, Bulletin, June 2016, pp. 54–56. BM No. 1838, 1232.16. Whitewood is Project Assistant for the British Museum Seals Project.
145 Bennett, p. 101.
146 Maltravers fought for Richard III at Bosworth. He was made godparent to Prince Arthur in November 1486. He failed to participate at Stoke Field, but was Chief Butler at Elizabeth of York’s coronation in November 1487 (as he had been at Elizabeth Woodville’s, Henry VII’s and very probably Richard III’s, see Coronation, p. 44). Heralds’ Memoir, pp. 104, (119–20), 136, 147.
147 Horrox, ODNB.
148 Buc, pp. 212, 345.
149 The Martyrology of Syon Abbey, BL, Add. MS 22285, f.36r; for Anne’s burial at Syon, see f.191r. Thanks to Francisca Icaza.
150 John Ashdown-Hill, Elizabeth Widville, Lady Grey: Edward IV’s Chief Mistress and the ‘Pink Queen’ (2019), pp. 182–86.
17. Case Connections
1 E.L. O’Brien, ODNB; C.S.L. Davies, ‘Richard III, Henry VII and the Island of Jersey’, Ricardian, Vol. 9, No. 119, December 1992, pp. 334–42 (p. 335).
2 ODNB. Harliston took part in both invasions: Edward V’s in 1487, and Richard of York’s in 1495 (Davies ‘Jersey’, p. 336). He died in c. 1497, probably in Malines. Margaret of Burgundy paid for his burial with full honours (Bronwyn Matthews, Les Chroniques de Jersey (2017), p. 55; Cæsarea: The Island of Jersey (1840), p. 20).
3 C.H. Williams, ‘The Rebellion of Humphrey Stafford in 1486’, EHR, Vol. 43, No. 170, 1928, pp. 181–89 (p. 183 n. 5). Contemporary reports from 1 May 1486 stated the claimant to the throne (‘Edward, Earl of Warwick’) had been ‘delivered to the foresaid Francis [Lovell] by David Philip and Matthew Baker from the isle of Guernsey and so continually conducted from county to county into the foresaid county of York … and that Humphrey Stafford would go with all haste and ride with a great multitude of people to the said Francis, to maintain, comfort and abet, and also support, the foresaid Francis and all others aiding the foresaid Francis in order to destroy the person of the Lord King [Henry VII]’ (King’s Bench, KB 9/138 m.12; thanks to Marie Barnfield). For the trial of the rebels on Wednesday, 17 May 1486 (the Wednesday after Whitsun), see KB 9/127, m.7; also Coram Rege Roll, Mich. 4 Hen.VII, rex, rot.3: aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT2/H7/KB27no909/aKB27no909fronts/IMG_0248.htm.
4 Davies, ‘Jersey’, p. 337.
5 ODNB; Materials, Vol. 2, p. 30; CPR 1485–94, p. 141.
6 Marguerite Syvret and Joan Stevens, Balleine’s History of Jersey (Revised and Enlarged) (1950), p. 67. Jersey investigation thanks to Valérie Noël, Lord Coutanche Library, Société Jersiaise; Susan Freebrey and Linda Romeril, Archive dé Jèrri, and Charlie Malet de Carteret, St Ouen’s Manor. Guernsey investigation thanks to Nathan Coyde, Archives Manager, States of Guernsey. See also Wroe, pp. 91, 136–37, 177, 239.
7 CPR 1476–85, p. 464; Harley 433, Vol. 1, p. 89.
8 CPR 1476–85, p. 513.
9 CPR 1485–94, pp. 25, 151, 174.
10 CFR 1471–85, pp. 246, 268.
11 Ibid., p. 277; CPR 1476–85, pp. 403, 523.
12 CPR 1476–85, p. 403.
13 W.E. Hampton, ‘Sir James Tyrell’, Crown & People, p. 210. For Tyrell as Sheriff of Southampton (8 December 1484), see CPR 1476–85, p. 491.
14 CPR 1476–85, p. 544.
15 Harley 433, Vol. 2, p. 33.
16 CFR 1485–1509, p. 15.
17 CCR 1454–61, pp. 337–38. Thanks to Marie Barnfield, 1.7.22.
18 Hampton, op. cit., p. 211.
19 CPR 1476–85, p. 364.
20 Ibid., p. 405.
21 Rosemary Horrox, ODNB; Du Boulay, Registrum Bourgchier, p. 54.
22 CPR 1476–85, pp. 891–92
23 Horrox, ODNB.
24 Peter Hammond and Anne F. Sutton, ‘Research Notes and Queries’, Ricardian, Vol. 5, No. 72, March 1981, p. 319; Chamberlains Accounts, City of Canterbury, Michaelmas 1484–Michaelmas 1485, f.26.
25 Anne F. Sutton & Livia Visser-Fuchs, Richard III’s Books (1997), p. 64. Carmeliano’s ‘Life of St Katherine’ was dedicated to Richard III, Robert Brackenbury and John Russell, Bishop of Lincoln and Chancellor of England. For Brackenbury’s dedication, see pp. 69–71.
26 Carlson, English Humanist Books, p. 44.
27 J.G. Nichols (ed.), The Chronicle of Calais in the Reigns of Henry VII and Henry VII to the Year 1540 (Camden Society 35, 1846), p. 1; Molinet, I, pp. 434–36.
28 Memorials, p. 51, from Brackenbury’s bastard son Robert’s will: my ‘bodie to be buried within the parish churche of Gainforthe besides my father’.
29 Horrox, ODNB; TNA, PRO PROB 11/14, f.1630. Elizabeth’s will does not mention her sister, Anne.
30 Vergil-1, p. 18.
31 GC, pp. 237–38.
32 Nichols, loc. cit.
33 Harley 433, Vol. 2, p. 212.
34 More, p. 86.
35 For Tyrell’s deposition, see Hicks, ‘Elizabeth, Countess of Oxford’, p. 310. Further details of Tyrell’s involvement can be found in Dr David Johnson, Ricardian, 2024 (forthcoming), with appreciation for advance sight.
