The Glorious Cause, page 90
Parker, John, 276
Parker, Jonas, 276
Parker, Adm. Peter, 440, 447
Parliament, 14–15, 16–18, 20–22, 28, 33, 61, 67, 102, 111, 145, 151, 153–54, 212, 267, 406, 635
American attitudes toward, 131–32, 241, 242–44, 254 (see also Ideology of the American Revolution)
American policy of, 29, 269–70 (see also Chatham ministry; Grenville ministry; North ministry; Rockingham ministry)
and American resistance, 112, 266, 270
and Boston Port bill, 235–36
and Declaratory Act, 144
and Intolerable Acts, 256
and merchants’ petition, 113
as model for colonial assemblies, 124
and Prohibitory Act, 321
and regulation of colonial trade, 145, 155–56, 270
and Revolutionary War, 438, 442–43, 518, 536, 590, 602
right to tax colonies, 12, 23, 74, 77, 87, 91, 119, 120–21, 127–30, 144, 150, 167, 184, 227–28, 241
sovereignty of, 72–73, 100, 114, 117, 126, 215, 224, 226, 233, 257, 258, 261, 597
and Stamp Act, Parliament (continued) 78–80, 114–21
and standing army in America, 56, 62, 155
and Sugar Act, 64–65, 70–72
and Tea Act, 226, 227–28
and Townshend duties, 155–56, 157, 214. See also House of Commons; House of Lords
Parson’s Cause, 81–83
Passy, France, 409
Paterson, James, 449
Paterson, William, 646, 652, 663
Paxton, Charles, 95, 195, 197
and American Board of Customs Commissioners, 171
Peace Commission (American), 591
Peace treaty (Treaty of Paris, 1783), 574, 592–95, 607–8
Peale, Charles Willson, 509, 529, 540, 638
Pearson, Capt. Richard, 541, 542
Pee Dee River (S.C.), 459, 474–75, 476, 482
Peekskill, N.Y., 395
Peggy Stewart, 266
Pelham, Henry, 14
Pelham-Holles, Thomas. See Newcastle, Duke of
Pell’s Point, N.Y., 357
Pendleton, Edmund, 263, 329, 629, 630–31, 634, 638, 683
Penn, John, 229
Penn, Thomas, 44
Penn, William, 34, 44
Pennington Road, 366
Pennsylvania, 27, 34–35, 58–60, 128, 154, 188, 221, 266, 333, 458, 607–8, 612, 614, 616, 620
and British army, 392
Constitutional Convention delegates, 644–47, 661–62, 676, 681
constitution of, 610, 638, 640
at Continental Congress, 248, 284, 333
council, 556
immigrants in, 48, 149, 564
Indians, 576
legislature, 167, 184, 323, 566, 572
Loyalists in, 412, 564
politics in, 44, 148–49, 184
radicals in, 637, 640
regiments, 287, 351, 359, 367
religious groups in, 47–48, 556, 564 (see also Presbyterians; Quakers)
Revolutionary War in, 291, 360 (map), 367, 391, 417–18, 419, 441, 516, 581, 582
royal government in, 103
suffrage in, 562
western farmers in, 149
and Wyoming Valley, 108, 675. See also Philadelphia
Pennsylvania Chronicle (Philadelphia), 161, 184, 202
Pennybacker’s Mill, Pa., 401
Pensacola, Fl., 575
Pensions, for army officers, 603–4
Pepperell, Sir William, 569
Percy, Hugh, 278–80, 346, 350, 359–60
Peters, Lois Crary, 548–49
Peters, Nathan, 548–49
Petersburg, Va., 579
Philadelphia, Pa., 34, 36, 63, 70, 139, 161, 188, 189, 219, 233, 240, 371–74, 391, 395–96, 399, 538–39
British occupation of, 396–97, 555–57
College of, 637, 645
Common Sense, 326
and Constitutional Convention, 603–5, 621, 640, 642–45, 648, 681
and Continental Congress, 245
mechanics in, 149
merchants in, 71, 186–87, 192, 523, 524
militia, 509, 529
mobs in, 187
in Revolutionary War, 364, 402, 410, 412, 413, 425–26, 434, 441, 471, 518, 545, 553, 555–57, 559, 560, 565, 580, 581, 582, 583, 598
and slave trade, 572
social stratification in, 39–40
Sons of Liberty, 228
and Stamp Act repeal, 143
and Tea Act, 229
Philipse, Frederick, 568
Phillips, Maj. Gen. William, 377, 387, 389–90, 493, 579, 580
Pickens, Andrew, 458, 473, 479, 480, 494, 496
Pigeon Quarter, Va., 586, 588
Pigot, Sir Robert, 293–97, 436–38
Pinckney, Charles, 646, 648, 654
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 646, 655, 663, 665, 666
Pitcairn, Maj. John, 273, 275–76, 297
Pitkin, William, 148
Pitt, William, 8–10, 18, 57, 64–65, 110, 112, 114–19, 121, 213, 403
and Bute, 54, 55
on Quartering Act, 237
and reconciliation, 269
and Seven Years War, 8–9, 54. See also Chatham ministry
Pittsburgh, Pa., 9, 34
Plain, Concise, Practical Remarks on the Treatment of Wounds and Fractures (Dr. John Jones), 530
Plains of Abraham, Canada, 9
Planters, 86, 159
in South Carolina, 182, 447
Pointe aux Trembles, Canada, 311–13
Politics, colonial: and resistance to Britain, 79–83
and Stamp Act crisis, 84–97, 145–49. See also individual colonies
Polly, 69–70, 171, 228, 233
Pomeroy, Gen. Seth, 288
Pontiac’s Rebellion, 59–60
Poor, Enoch, 390
Poor, the, 39–40, 515, 517
Jefferson on, 633
in New York City, 559
in Philadelphia, 556
as soldiers, 512
in Virginia, 625
Poor’s Brigade, 429
Population: growth, 32, 35–36, 40, 50
rural and urban components of, 36, 40
Portsmouth, R.I., 580–82
Potomac River (Va.), 620
Pownall, John, 76, 268
Pownall, Thomas, 88
Presbyterians, 33, 623, 634
in Great Awakening, 47
in New York, 48, 217
in Pennsylvania, 47–48, 148–49
in the southern colonies, 49, 564
in Virginia, 86
Prescott, Dr. Samuel, 275, 276
Prescott, Col. William, 288, 289, 290, 291, 294, 297–98
Preston, Conn., 548
Preston, Capt. Thomas, 210–12, 247
Prevost, Augustine, 441
Prideaux, Brig. Gen. John, 9
Princeton, N.J., 362, 363, 365, 366, 367–428, 505, 509, 600
battle of, 367–69, 368 (map), 529
Privateering, 534–36
Privy Council, 22, 27–29, 82, 233–34
Proclamation of 1763, 154, 574
Property, 181–82, 630, 664
and political rights, 122–24, 640
Protestant ethic, 186, 190–91. See also Puritan ethic
Protestantism, 50–51, 52, 131, 140–41, 216, 255
Providence: American belief in, 4–5, 52
Washington on, 302
Providence, 539
Providence, R.I., 70, 436
merchants and nonimportation, 190
town meeting, 105
Ward-Hopkins factions in, 100–101
Providence Gazette (R.I.), 103
Pulaski’s Legion (Casimir Pulaski), 448
Punkatasset Hill, Mass., 277
Puritan ethic, 5, 52, 162, 245, 246, 255
and commonwealth ideology, 140–41.
See also Protestant ethic Putnam, Israel, 288, 289, 290, 291, 315, 355
Putnam, Col. Rufus, 315
Quakers, 46–47, 266
and the American cause, 556
as Loyalists, 564
in Pennsylvania, 48, 148, 149, 168, 184, 187, 564, 640
and slavery, 571
Quartering Act (1765), 150–51, 154, 155–56, 157, 185, 198, 237
Quartering Act (1774). See Intolerable Acts
Quebec, Canada, 60, 309–14, 312 (map), 346, 377
Quebec Act. See Intolerable Acts
Queen’s Rangers, 609
Quincy, Josiah, 244
Radical Whig ideology, 51–52. See also Ideology of the American Revolution
Whig ideology Rall, Col. Johann Gottlieb, 364–65, 366, 598
Ramsour’s Mill, N.C., 458, 481–82
Randolph, Edmund, 621, 643, 656, 661, 663, 668, 683
and Virginia Plan, 649, 652
Randolph, Peyton, 84, 167
as congressional delegate, 247, 249, 284
Ranger, 539–40
Raritan River (N.J.), 361, 427, 428
Rawdon, Lord Francis, 460, 463, 485, 493, 495–96, 497, 509, 511, 577
Rawlings, Lt. Col. Moses, 361
Rayneval, Joseph-Matthias Gerard de, 593
Read, George, 650–51
Reasons Against the Renewal of the Sugar Act (1764), 71
Reed, Col. James, 294
Reed, Joseph, 473
Reedy Fork, N.C., 491
Regulators, in S.C., 182, 183
Religion, 46–52, 107, 216–18, 574
and American Revolution, 4–5, 49–52
in England, 14–15
research on, 674
in Virginia, 561, 634–35. See also Anglican Church; Great Awakening; Millennialism; Presbyterians; Protestantism; Quakers
Repeal bill and Stamp Act, 121
Representation: and American colonies, 64, 66, 91, 114, 115, 222, 253
discussed at Constitutional Convention, 628, 646–48, 650–52, 655–58, 677–79. See also Taxation
Republicanism, 521, 640, 665, 674, 676
Revenue Act (1764). See Sugar Act
Revenue Act (1767), 156–57
Revere, Paul, 252, 267–76, 682
Revolution, French, 563
Revolutionary War, 279, 509–10
American conception of, 595–96
American naval power in, 537
(see also Jones, John Paul)
battlefield experience in, 506–15
biographies, 672–73
British conception of, 568–69
casualties of, 455, 543, 582
in Europe, 402–17, 438, 537–43
Franco-American operations in, 581, 583–89
implications, 659, 677
occupied cities (see under names of cities); research on, 670–77
social effects of, 559–62, 671–72
in the South, 440–501
Revolutionary War, battles of: Barren Hill, 425–26
Bemis Heights, 385–87, 388–91
Bonhomme Richard vs. Serapis, 540–41
Brandywine, 393–401, 425, 469, 502, 507, 601
Brooklyn, 504, 598
Bunker Hill, 287–98, 349, 350, 509, 511, 544, 554
Camden, 457 (map), 460–63, 471
Charleston, 447–55, 457 (map)
Cowpens, 476–82, 486, 510–11
Eutaw Springs, 497–500, 498 (map), 502, 505
Freeman’s Farm, 387–88, 389, 390, 397
Germantown, 399–401, 469
Guilford Court House, 483–84, 485–86, 487 (map), 504, 505, 507, 511
Harlem Heights, 356, 357, 509
Hobkirk’s Hill, 495–96, 498 (map), 502
King’s Mountain, 467–68, 478 (map)
Kip’s Bay, 355, 502, 601
Lexington and Concord, 273–81, 285, 321
Long Island, 340, 347–53
Monmouth Court House, 428, 429–34, 459, 469, 504, 512, 552, 601
Princeton, 367–69, 529
Saratoga, 387–91, 442, 449, 459
Ticonderoga, 282, 283, 286, 380, 381, 383, 391
Trenton, 363–67, 469, 505, 600–601
White Plains, 357, 502, 513, 548
Yorktown, 579–90, 585 (map). See also Army individual colonies
Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 12
Rhode Island, 27, 46, 63, 128, 135, 240, 291, 334, 537, 616, 621
Constitutional Convention delegates, 644, 682–83
and emancipation of slaves, 572
factions in, 100–101, 182
governor, 372
legislature, 71, 86, 100, 101, 103, 127, 182, 240, 329
merchants in, 71, 219–20
mobs in, 68
and nonimportation, 188, 190
politics in, 45, 100–101, 148
soldiers from, 309, 436, 598
Stamp Act in, 103–6, 148
and Tory Junto, 101–4
Ward-Hopkins faction in, 100–101
Richardson, Ebenezer, 208
Richelieu River (Canada), 377
Richmond, Va., 581
Riedesel, Friedrich Adolphus, Baron von, 377–78, 381, 383, 387
Riedesel, Madame de, 551
Rights: of Americans, 72–73
of Englishmen, 111, 115, 125–26, 129, 184, 223–24, 676–77
of man, 657
Rights, colonial: debated in Continental Congress, 249–50
James Otis, Jr., on, 91–92
Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved (1764). See Otis, James, Jr.
Rights of the Colonies Examined. See Hopkins, Stephen
Riley, John, 203
Riots, 40, 149, 154, 187. See also Mob(s)
Rittenhouse, David, 638
River Road, N.J., 366
Robinson, Beverly, 596
Robinson, Gen. James, 443, 560
Robinson, John, 84, 171–72, 195, 197
and mob, 69
and Otis fight, 205–6
and the Polly, 69
and Sons of Liberty, 176
Rochambeau, Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, Comte de, 537, 545, 582, 587, 595
Rockford, William Henry Zuglestein, 4th Earl of, 235
Rockingham, Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2d Marquess of, 111–12, 235, 591, 592
Rockingham ministry, 111, 117, 119, 120, 151
Rocky Mount, S.C., 458–60
Rodney, Caesar, 247
Rodney, Adm. George, 580, 593, 597
Rome, George, 102
Romney, 173–74
Ross, Alexander, 203
Rotch, Francis, 231–33
Rowe, John, 186
Royal Navy. See Navy, British
Royal officials, 221–22, 557. See also Customs officials
Royal Welch Fusiliers, 296, 477, 489, 503
Rugeley’s Mills, S.C., 460
Ruggles, Timothy, 261
Rush, Benjamin, 527, 533
Russia, 619
Rutledge, Edward, 248, 251, 254
Rutledge, John, 248, 249, 646, 663
St. Clair, Gen. Arthur, 380, 611
St. John, 68–69
St. Johns, Canada, 283
St. Lawrence River, 346, 622
St. Leger, Lt. Col. Barry, 374, 384
St. Lucia, W.I., 413, 414, 438
St. Mary’s Isle, Ireland, 539
Saints, Battle of the, 593
Salem, N.C., 484
Salisbury, N.C., 482, 483, 485
Sandwich, John Montagu, 4th Earl of, 235, 411–12, 415, 442, 597
Sandy Hook, N.Y., 347, 391, 428, 435
Santee River (S.C.), 494, 497, 499
Saratoga, N.Y., 383, 384, 390–91
battle of, 387–91, 442, 449, 459
Saunders, Sir Charles, 8, 9
Saunders Creek, S.C., 461
Savannah, Ga., 190, 459, 497, 500
Savannah River (Ga.), 441, 444
Sawney’s Creek, S.C., 496
Saxe, Marshal Maurice de, 304–6, 459
Schuyler, Philip, 284, 286, 310, 313, 378, 383
Schuylkill River (Pa.), 396, 397, 399, 417, 418
Schwenkfelders, 35
Scot, James, 119
Scotch-Irish, the, 33, 35, 565
in Pennsylvania, 149
in southern colonies, 49
Scots, Highland, 564
Scott, Col. Charles, 432–33
Seabury, Samuel, 258
Sears, Isaac, 229
Secretary for Colonial Affairs, 28
Secretary of State for the Southern Department, 27, 59, 75, 619
Seider, Christopher, 208, 209
Selden, John, 122
Selkirk, Earl of, 539
Selman, Capt. John, 535
Serapis, 541
Servants, 482, 515
Seven Years War, 7–9, 32, 54, 402, 465, 607, 620
battles of, 8–9
and Molasses Act, 63–64
peace treaty signed, 55
Sevier, John, 466
Sewall, Samuel, 88
Shallow Ford, N.C., 483
Sharpe, Horatio, 181–82
Shawnees, 576
Shays, Daniel, 621
Shays’s Rebellion, 621, 647
Shelburne, William Petty Fitzmaurice, Earl of, 152, 154, 157, 163, 591, 620
Shelby, Isaac, 466
Sherman, Roger: as congressional
delegate, 250, 331
at Constitutional Convention, 631, 652, 654–56, 661, 667, 668
Sherrill’s Ford, N.C., 481
Shippen, William, 527, 533
Shirley, William, 88–89
Shuldham, Rear Adm. Molyneaux, 316
Shute, Samuel, 44
Sidney, Algernon, 122, 136
Silliman, Gold Selleck, 547–48
Silliman, Mary Fish, 547–48, 549
Simcoe, Lt. Col. John (and Queens Rangers), 581
Simmons Island, S.C., 446
Skenesboro, N.Y., 381–82
Slavery, 675
as an institution of labor, 571
at Constitutional Convention, 626, 631–32, 647, 663
and political thought, 123, 338–39, 514. See also Blacks
Slaves Slaves, 36, 322, 631–32, 651, 663
emancipation in northern states, 571
freedom offered for armed service, 322, 338, 570
importation prohibited, 189–90
trade in, 538, 572, 631–32, 665–67. See also Blacks; Slavery
Small, William, 332
Smallpox, 530–34, 573
Smallwood, Gen. William, 351, 401, 462, 472
Smith, Col. Francis, 273, 274, 277–78, 280
Smuggling, 53, 67–70, 171–72, 196–97, 227
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 131, 216, 574
Society of Friends. See Quakers
Solemn League and Covenant (Boston), 238
Solway Fifth, Scotland, 529, 539
Somerset Court House, N.J., 529
Somerville, Mass., 274
Sons of Liberty, 176, 179, 228
in Boston, 110, 166, 174, 175, 230
in Connecticut, 110, 147–48
in Massachusetts, 146
in New York, 142, 198–99
