The Coming of the Third Reich, page 79
Noakes, Jeremy
Nolde, Emil
Nordic legend
Nordic racial ideas
Nordic supremacist groups
Noreia, battle of
North German Confederation
North Sea
Northeim
Northeim Sports Club
Noske, Gustav
‘November criminals’/‘November traitors’/ ‘Novembrists’
Nuremberg
huge parade of paramilitaries
Party Rally of 1929
Nuschke, Otto
Oberfohren, Ernst
Oberhausen
occultism
‘occupational chambers’
‘October Revolution’ see Russian Revolution (1917)
Oldenburg
Opel car factory
operas
Oppenheimer, Max (Max Ophüls)
Oranienburg concentration camp
‘Organization Escherich’
orphans
Ossietzky, Carl von
Ostara (Zeitung für blonde Menschen): Newspaper for Blond People
Ottoman Empire
Pabst, G.W.
Pacelli, Eugenio (later Pope Pius) see also Pope, the
pacifism
Pan-German Association
Pan-German League (previously General German League)
Pan-Germanism
of Schönerer
and German-speaking minorities
extremists
Hugenberg a leading light in
antisemitism
Hitler influenced by
‘living-space’ theory
Pandora’s Box (film)
Papen, Franz von
appointed Reich Chancellor
and the Centre Party
aims to roll back history
curbs the radical press
his cabinet
coup of 20 July 1932
Reich Commissioner, Prussia
bans public political meetings
death penalty decree
reluctant to accept Hitler as Chancellor
Communist motion of no-confidence in the government
resignation
Schleicher’s repeal of his wage and benefit cuts
and plan to oust Schleicher
becomes Vice-Chancellor
expects to be able to control Hitler
demands Centre Party’s dissolution
lack of commitment to democracy
condemns Hugenberg’s behaviour
and Jewish loss of citizenship
parenthood
parents’ associations
Paris
parliamentarism
Pasewalk military hospital, Pomerania
Pavlov, Ivan
pensions
People’s Association for a Catholic Germany
People’s Courts
People’s Party
Peters, Carl
Petrograd
Peukert, Detlev: Inside Nazi Germany (book)
Pfeffer von Salomon, Franz
Pfitzner, Hans
Pfiilf, Antonie
physically unfit
killing of
Pieck, Wilhelm
Pietzuch, Konrad
Pilsudski, General
Plus, Pope see also Pope, the
Plus, Pope see Paselli, Eugenio
Planck, Max
Plättner, Karl
Pleasure Gardens, Berlin
Ploetz, Alfred
Plötzensee prison, Berlin
pogroms
poison gas
Poland
former Kingdom of
Germany conquers (1915)
creation of new Polish state
hyperinflation
industrial production
and the Wartburg Festival
police
total control by
Metternich’s system
military models of behaviour
and Social Democrats
end of controls (1918)
Nazi resentment against
and Communists
political
bias of
professionalization
sympathy with Nazi attacks on Weimar Republic
Prussian
auxiliary
allowed to detain people indefinitely
and forcible suppression of the labour movement
and torture
and trade unions
and homosexuality
and prostitution
sex reformer meetings banned
and Berlin’s ‘ring associations’
and the press
Polish Corridor
Polish ethnic minority
attempts at Germanization of
in Russia
Pomerania
poor relief
Pope, the
Syllabus of Errors (1864)
Declaration of Papal Infallibility (1871)
1930 encyclical
see also Pius; Pius
population
pornography
Portugal
Posen
Post Office
post-Impressionism
Potempa, Upper Silesia
Potsdam
Potsdam station, Berlin
poverty
Prague
Presidential office, abolition of (1934)
press
‘boulevard press’
and business
political
popular
tabloid
Goebbels’ articles
Nazi
freedom compromised
bans
Catholic
reports of violence towards German population
musical
‘Jewish’-dominated
Communist
Social Democratic
press conferences
Pretzel, Raimund (‘Sebastian Haffner’)
Preuss, Hugo price reductions
Princeton University
printing technology
prisons
productivity
profiteers
Progressives
propaganda
enthusiasm whipped up by
directed at the masses
continuous and unvaried in its message
racist
directed at the farming community
Party Rally of 1929
and German Women’s Order
antisemitic
increased sophistication of Nazi propaganda
Communist
in 1930 elections
directed at workers
and Horst Wessel
in the Presidential election (1932)
July 1932 Reichstag election
November 1932 Reichstag election
of an imminent ‘German Bolshevik Revolution’
in the musical press
Goebbels defines
and radio
‘atrocity’
property
illegal confiscation of
appropriation legalized
Einstein’s property seized
bomb attacks on Jewish property
proportional representation
prosecution service
prostitution
Protestant church
Protestantism
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The (Tsarist police forgery)
Prussia
and the Holy Roman Reich
1848 Revolution
funding of its military machine
expanding state
army impacts on society in
landed aristocracy undermined
tensions with the Reich
moderate, pro-republican governments
Social Democrats’ policy
curbing of autonomy
civil service
bureaucratic paternalism
Hitler’s ban
Minister-President
virtues
political clashes (1932)
state elections (1932)
Papen’s coup ofJuly 1932
Papen appointed Reich Commissioner
Prussian parliamentary elections (April 1932)
and the Communist Party’s Central Committee
arrests in (March-April)
judiciary
purge of artists
Prussian Academy of the Arts
Prussian Academy of Sciences
Prussian Health Council
Prussian Interior Ministry
Prussian State Bank
Prussianism
public welfare
Puppe (storm leader)
racial hygiene, racial hygienists
Racial Hygiene Society
Racial Observer (Völkischer Beobachter) newspaper
racial utopia
racism
opposition to
Pan-German
and black musicians
and colonial troops
of Gobineau
Radek, Karl
radio
Ragnitz commune, East Prussia
railways
Rathenau, Emil
Rathenau, Walther
rationalization
Rauschning, Hermann
rearmament
Red Army (Germany)
Red Army (Russia)
Red Cross
Red Flag (Rote Fahne) newspaper
Red Front-Fighters’ League
‘Red Swastika’
Reformation
Reich, Wilhelm
Reich Association of German Industry
Reich Association of the German Press
Reich Chancellor
office created by Bismarck
aservant beholden to the Kaiser
Brüning appointed
Hitler sworn in
Reich Corporation of German Industry
Reich Council
Reich Court
Reich Criminal Code
Reich Defence Council
Reich Film Chamber
Reich Land League
Reich Law for the Restoration of a Professional Civil Service
Reich Press Office
Reich Radio Company
Reich Supreme Court, Leipzig
Reich War Flag
Reichenau, Colonel Walther von
Reichsbank
Reichsbanner Black-Red-Gold
Reichsrat
Reichstag
derives from the Holy Roman Reich
growth of influence
and army budget
debate on army behaviour
Ahlwardt elected to
approves expansion of German navy
sidelining or elimination of
parliamentary proceedings degenerate
Ebert enters
President’s power to dissolve (Article)
proportional representation
Criminal Law Reform Committee
and Hindenburg’s emergency powers
Bruning and
sits less and less often
dissolved (July 1932)
Göring’s cavalier treatment of
marginalized
Schleicher’s plans
Communist seats (1933)
Reichstag fire
state opening at Potsdam
Reichstag elections see under elections
Reichstag fire decree
‘Reign of Terror’ (Jacobins)
Reiner, Fritz
Reinhardt, Max
Reinhardt, General Walther
religion
abolished in Russia
the religious divide
Remarque, Erich Maria
All Quiet on the Western Front (novel and film)
Rentenmark
reparations
representative government
Republican Defence Units
Rhine district
Rhine river
Rhineland
and Treaty of Versailles
French-backed separatists
colonial troops in
Goebbels’ role in
Richthofen, Manfred Freiherr von (Red Baron)
Riezler, Kurt
right of assembly and association
‘ring associations’
Ritter von Epp, Colonel Franz
Ritter von Seisser, Hans
‘Roaring Twenties’
Rockefeller Foundation
Rohlfs, Christian
Röhm, Ernst
Romania
Romanov empire
Rome, march on
Rosenberg, Alfred
The Myth of the Twentieth Century
Rothschild family
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
Roxy nightclub, Berlin
Royal Navy
Ruck, Michael
Rückert, Erwin
Rüdin, Ernst
Ruhr
Rumbold, Sir Horace
Russelsheim, near Frankfurt
Russia
authoritarian monarchy
compared with Germany before the First World War
seen as a land of backwardness and barbarism
Tsar replaced by a Provisional Government
Bolshevik coup (1917)
civil war
‘Red Terror’ (1918-21)
war deaths
antisemitic pogroms
Christianity attacked by Bolshevism
and Hitler’s ‘living-space’ aim
see also Soviet Union
Russian armies
Russian Revolution (1905)
Russian Revolution (1917) (‘October Revolution’)
Russo-Polish War
Rust, Bernhard
SA see ‘Storm Division’
Saarland
St Petersburg
St Quentin
Sax, Adolphe
Saxony
Saxony-Anhalt
Schacht, Hjalmar
Schallmeyer, Wilhelm
Schemann, Ludwig
Scherl newspaper firm
Scheubner-Richter, Max Erwin von
Schicklgruber (Hitler), Alois (Hitler’s father)
Schicklgruber, Maria (Hitler’s paternal grandmother)
Schiele, Martin
Schiff, Else
Schinkel, Karl Friedrich
Schirach, Baldur von
background
and brother’s suicide
converted to Nazism
poetry by
joins National Socialist German Students’ League
leads the Hitler Youth
devotion to Hitler
Schlageter, Albert Leo
Schleicher, General Kurt von
Schlemmer, Eva
Schlemmer, Oskar
Schleswig
Schleswig-Holstein
Schlotterbeck, Friedrich
Schmidt-Rottluff, Karl
Schmitt, Carl
Schnabel, Artur
Schoenberg, Arnold
Scholtz-Klink, Gertrud
Schönerer, Georg Ritter von
Schrader, Karl
Schreck, Julius
Schreker, Franz
Schrödinger, Erwin
Schuler, Alfred
Schultze-Naumburg, Paul: Art and Race
Schumacher, Kurt
Schurtz, Heinrich
Schuster, Joseph
Schutz, Walter
Schwerin von Krosigk, Lutz Graf
Schwesing, Schleswig-Holstein
Scientific-Humanitarian Committee
Second Reich
Second World War
secret ballot
secularization
of thought
of education
Sedan, battle of
Seeckl, General Hans Yon
Seldte, Franz
self-employed, and 1930 elections
Selz, Otto
serfdom
Serkin, Rudolf
service sector
‘Seven Weeks’ War’ (1866)
Severing, Carl
sex counselling clinics
sexual freedom
sexual reform movement
shares
Shirer, William.
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
shooting societies
Siebeck, Richard
Siemens
Siemens (electricity company boss)
Silesia
single mothers
slave labourers
Slavic East
Slavs
and Lebensraum
supposedly inferior and uncivilized
and the Nordic race
and ‘Germanizing’ of Eastern Europe
social biology
Social Darwinism
Social Democratic Party of Germany
formed
membership
success in 1912 election
gulf between it and ‘bourgeois’ parties
institutional structure
suppression of
and police
and the industrial working class
and antisemitism
principles
splits into factions
and the Communist Party
opposes German Fatherland Party
Reichsbanner Black-Red-Gold founded
and the Free Corps
and a Red Army of workers
Majority wings
Marxist ideology
main strength of
representation in the Reichstags
bulwark of democracy in the Republic
and Grand Coalitions
and the presss
puritanical view of personal relationships
and education
Law for the Protection of the Republic
and Bismarck’s reforms
egalitarianism
mass demonstrations in Vienna
Hitler opposes
Erfurt Programme (1891)
part of a broad coalition (1923)
and farming community
Nazi hatred of
and the new cabinet
Brüning and
in 1930 elections
backs Hindenburg (1932)
loses touch with political reality
impotence of
July 1932 Reichstag elections
November 1932 Reichstag elections
lack of response to the Nazi threat
March 1933 elections
press ban
officials imprisoned in concentration camps
concentration camp warning
and the Enabling Act
and the trade unions
May Day, 1933
destruction of
supports the government on disarmament
Nazi determination to destroy it
lawsuit against Papen
see also Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany; socialism; socialist movement
social deviants
sterilization of
graded as ‘low quality’
social hygiene
Social Revolutionaries (Russia)
social welfare
social work
socialism
and Jews
and nationalism
and antisemitism
opposed by Italian Fascism
Socialist International
socialist movement
law-abiding
and Anti-Socialist Law (1878)
forms Social Democratic Party
Society for the Eastern Marches
