Illuminations, page 30
The original sources of the essays published in this collection are as follows:
‘Unpacking My Library’: Literarische Welt, 1931.
‘The Task of the Translator’: his introduction to his translation of Baudelaire’s Tableaux parisiens, Heidelberg, 1923.
‘The Storyteller’: Orient und Okzident, 1936.
‘Franz Kafka’: Jüdische Rundschau, 1934.
‘Max Brod’s Book on Kafka and Some of My Own Reflections’: the text is based upon a letter to Scholem, dated Paris, June 12, 1938; now published in Briefe, II, 756–64.
‘What Is Epic Theatre?’: Mass und Wert, 1939.
‘On Some Motifs in Baudelaire’: Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung, VIII, 1–2, 1939.
‘The Image of Proust’: Literarische Welt, 1929.
‘The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction’: Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung, V, 1, 1936.
‘Theses on the Philosophy of History’: completed in spring 1940, first published in Neue Rundschau, 61, 3, 1950.
INDEX OF NAMES
The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
Adorno, Theodor Wiesengrund, 1903–69, German professor of philosophy and sociology, 8, 16–17, 19–20, 22, 56, 57, 256–7
Andersen, Hans Christian, 1805–1875, Danish author famed for his fairy tales 138
Anselm of Canterbury, St., 1033–1109, Scholastic philosopher, 124
Arnheim, Rudolph, 1904–, German-born American educator, psychologist, and art historian, 223, 230f., 239n
Arnobius, ca. A.D. 300, early Christian apologist, 127
Arnoux, Alexandre, 1884–, French novelist, essayist, playwright, 221
Arp, Hans, 1887–1966, Alsatian sculptor, painter, poet, 231
Arget, Eugène, 1856–1927, French photographer, 219
Aurevilly, Jules Barbey d’, 1808–1889, French man of letters, 180
Bachofen, Johann Jakob, 1815–1887, Swiss philosopher and archaeologist, famous author of Mutterrecht und Urreligion, 64, 127
Bächthold, Jakob, 1848–1897, Swiss author, 139
Balzac, Honoré de, 1799–1850, 66, 204
Barbier, Henri August, 1805–1882, French poet and satirist, 164, 168, 191n
Barrès, Maurice, 1862–1923, French writer and publicist, 205
Baudelaire, Charles, 1821–1867, 9, 10, 16, 56n., 58n., 152–96, 208
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770–1827, 215
Benoist-Méchin, Jacques, 1901–, French historian, diplomat, and man of letters, 206
Bergson, Henri, 1859–1941, French philosopher, 152–4, 156, 174, 176, 181, 195n
Bertram, Ernst, 1884–, German philologist, literary historian, and essayist, member of the George circle, 15
Bibesco, Princess Marthe, 1887–, novelist and playwright, Proust’s friend, 203
Blanqui, Louis Auguste, 1805–1881, French revolutionary socialist and publicist, 251
Bloch, Ernst, 1885–1977, German philosopher and writer, 57n
Borchardt, Rudolph, 1877–1945, German poet and essayist, 15, 39, 82
Börne, Ludwig, 1786–1837, German publicist and satirist, 174
Bos, Charles du, 1882–1939, French literary critic, essayist, translator, 25
Brecht, Bertolt, 1898–1956, German playwright and poet, 8, 16, 20–21, 49, 56n–58n., 144–51, 239n., 257
Breton, André, 1896–1966, French surrealist writer, 242
Brod, Max, 1884–1968, Prague-born German novelist, 57, 112, 117, 122, 136–43
Calderón de la Barca, Pedro, 1600–1681, Spain’s greatest dramatic author, 146
Chaplin, Charles, 1889–1977, 242
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 106–43 B.C., Roman orator, statesman, and philosopher, 8
Claudel, Paul, 1868–1955, French poet, dramatist, and diplomat, 160
Clermont-Tonnerre, Elisabeth (de Gramont), 1875–, French author, biographer of Proust, 201–41
Cocteau, Jean, 1889–1963, French poet and man of letters, 199
Daguerre, Louis, 1789–1851, French painter and inventor of the daguerreotype, 182
Daudet, Léon, 1867–1942, French journalist and writer, 201
Delvau, Alfred, 1825–1867, French writer, author of studies of Paris and a dictionary of French slang, 163
Derain, André, 1880–1954, French Post-impressionist painter, 231
Desbordes-Valmore, Marceline, 1785–1859, French poet, 178
Dietzgen, Josef, 19th-century socialist, 250–51
Dietsgen, Wilhelm, 19th-century socialist, 252
Dilthey, Wilhelm, 1833–1911, German philosopher and historian of ideas, 153
Dostoevsky, Fedor Mikhailovich, 1821–1881, 92, 105, 120
Dreyer, Carl Th., 1889–1968, Danish film director, 239
Duhamel, Georges, 1884–1966, French novelist, critic, playwright, 231–2
Dujardin, Edouard, 1861–1949, French symbolist poet, essayist, literary critic, 164
Durtain, Luc, 1881–1959, French poet, essayist, novelist, 241
Eddington, Arthur Stanley, 1882–1944, English astronomer and physicist, 139–40
Edison, Thomas, 1847–1931, 243
Engels, Friedrich, 1820–1895, German socialist and social historian, 162–4, 168
Ensor, James, 1860–1949, Belgian painter and etcher, 170
Fernandez Ardavin, Luis, 1891–, Spanish poet, dramatist, translator of French literature, 206, 207
Flaubert, Gustave, 1821–1880, French novelist, 204, 248
Fourier, François, 1772–1837, French sociologist and philosopher, 177, 251
France, Anatole, 1844–1924, French poet, novelist, satirist, 47, 62, 64, 194n., 201
Freud, Sigmund, 1856–1939, 156–8, 229
Fustel de Coulanges, Numa Denis, 1830–1889, French historian, 247
Galileo, 1564–1642, 145
Gance, Abel 1889–1981, French actor, film director, and author, 215–16, 220–1
Gautier, Théophile, 1811–1872, French art and drama critic, 160
George, Stefan, 1868–1933, German poet, translator of Baudelaire, Shakespeare, Dante, and contemporary poets, 14–16, 77, 80, 192n
Gerstäcker, Friedrich, 1816–1872, German author of adventure stories, 84
Gide, André, 1860–1951, 25, 160
Glassbrenner, Adolf, 1810–1876, German satirist, 193
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749–1832, 8, 13–17, 20, 23, 50–1, 81, 119, 146, 175, 183, 185, 194
Gogol, Nikolai, 1809–1852, Russian author of realistic stories and plays, 193
Goldstein, Moritz, 1880–, German-Jewish writer and journalist, 35–6, 38
Goncourt, Edmond (1822–1896) and Jules (1830–1870), French novelists and cultural historians, brothers, 204
Gorky, Maxim, 1868–1936, Russian writer of short stories, novels, plays, biographies, 100
Gotthelf, Jeremias, 1797–1854, Swiss prose writer, 84, 86, 102
Gozlan, Léon, 1806–1866, French playwright, 163
Grabbe, Christian Dietrich, 1801–1836, German dramatist, 146
Graves, Robert Ranke, 1895–1985, English poet and novelist, 149
Greco, El, 1548?–?1614, 117
Grimm, Albert Ludwig, 19th-century German editor of legends and fairy tales, 65
Grimme, Hubert, 1864–1942, German orientalist and art historian, 238n
Groethuysen, Bernhard, 1879–1946, sociologist and cultural historian, 123
Gryphius, Andreas, 1616–1664, German baroque poet and playwright, 146
Gundolf, Friedrich, 1880–1931, German literary historian, member of the George circle, 15
Guys, Constantin, 1802–1892, Dutch-born painter and illustrator of the French scene, 56n., 160, 187
Has, Willy, 1891–, German drama and literary critic, editor of Literarische Welt, 123–4, 127
Hamann, Johann Georg, 1730–1788, German writer and theologian, 41, 57–8
Hamsun, Knut, 1859–1952, Norwegian writer, 123
Hauff, Wilhelm, 1802–1827, German poet and story writer, 107
Haussmann, Baron Georges Eugène, 1809–1891, French prefect and town planner, 25
Hebel, Johann Peter, 1760–1826, Swiss-born German poet, editor and author of almanac stories, 84, 86, 94–5, 100, 104–5
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 1770–1831, German philosopher, 68, 163, 237–8
Heidegger, Martin, 1887–1976, German philosopher, 40, 45, 50–1, 58n
Heimann, Moritz, 1868–1925, German editor and writer, 99
Heine, Heinrich, 1797–1856, German lyric poet and literary critic, 28, 153, 170
Herodotus, 5th century B.C., Greek historian, 90
Hessel, Franz, German translator and editor, 9
Hirsch, Emil, antiquarian book dealer and collector, 66
Hoffman, E.T.A., 1776–1822, German music critic, composer, and writer of fantastic tales, 169, 193
Hofmannsthal, Hugo von, 1874–1929, Austrian poet, playwright, and essayist, 8–9, 13–15, 22, 27, 50, 256n
Hölderlin, Friedrich, 1770–1843, German poet, translator of Pindar, Sophocles, and Latin poets, 77–8, 80, 82
Holz, Detlev, pseudonym of Benjamin, 257
Homer, ancient Greek poet, 19–20, 235
Horkheimer, Max, 1895–1973, professor of philosophy and sociology, 16
Houssaye, Arsène, 1815–1896, French novelist, literary critic, journalist, 161
Hugo, Victor, 1802–1885, French poet and novelist, 153, 159, 162, 164
Humboldt, Baron Wilhelm von, 1767–1835, German philologist and diplomat, 41, 57–8
Huxley, Aldous, 1894–1963, English novelist and essayist, 240–1
Ivens, Joris, 1898–, Dutch film director, 225
Joubert, Joseph, 1754–1824, French moralist, 177
Jung, C.G., 1875–1961, Swiss psychiatrist, 153
Kafka, Franz, 1883–1924, 8–9, 22–4, 31–2, 34–8, 41, 44–6, 49, 53, 57–8. 109–43
Kant, Immanuel, 1724–1804, 10–11, 46, 194
Keller, Gottfried, 1819–1890, Swiss lyric and epic poet and prose writer, 247
Kierkegaard, Sören, 1813–1855, Danish philosopher and writer on theology, 124
Kipling, Rudyard, 1865–1936, 100
Klages, Ludwig, 1872–1956, German philosopher, graphologist and cultural historian, 153
Klee, Paul, 1879–1940, Swiss painter, 18, 141, 249
Kraft, Werner, 1896–, German-Jewish poet, essayist, literary historian, and biographer, 25, 117, 134, 138
Kraus, Karl, 1874–1936, Austrian journalist, poet, and critic, 24, 37–8, 42–3, 153, 196, 252, 256
Lamartine, Alphonse de, 1770–1869, French poet and statesman 152, 159
Lao-tse, ca. 604–531 B.C., Chinese philosopher, 122
La Rochefoucauld, François Duc de, 1613–1680, French moralist, 33
Lassalle, Ferdinand, 1825–1864, German socialist and publicist, 250
Lawrence, T.E., 1888–1935, English archaeologist and writer, 149
Léger, Alexis Saint-Léger, see St.-John Perse
Lenz, Jakob Michael Reinhold, 1751–1792, German Lyric poet and dramatist, 146
Leonardo da Vinci, 1452–1519, 242n
Leskov, Nikolai, 1831–1895, Russian novelist, 46, 83–107
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 1729–1781, German dramatist and critic 28
Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph, 1742–1799, German physicist and satirist, 28
Liebknecht, Karl, 1871–1919, German socialist leader, co-founder of the German Spartacus, 251
Liebknecht, Wilhelm, 1826–100, German socialist, journalist, and politician, 250
Lindbergh, Charles Augustus, 1902–1974, 148
Lotze, Hermann, 1817–1881, German philosopher, 244
Lukács, Georg, 1885–1971, Hungarian Marxist literary historian, 98, 109
Lurine, Louis, 1816–1860, French writer, editor of Les Rues de Paris (1844), 163
Luther, Martin, 1483–1546, 76, 80
Luxemburg, Rosa, 1870–1919, German socialist associated with Karl Liebknecht, 251
Lyser, Johann Peter, 1803–1870, German poet, painter, illustrator, and musician, 65
Maistre, Joseph Marie de, 1753–1821, French philosopher, statesman, and man of letters, 138
Malebranche, Nicolas de, 1638–1715, French metaphysician, 130
Mallarmé, Stéphane, 1842–1898, French symbolist poet, 54, 58n., 78, 218
Mann, Klaus, 1906–1949, German playwright, journalist, and essayist, 16
Marinetti, Emilio, 1876–1944, Italian poet and writer, founder of Futurism 234–5
Marx, Karl, 1818–1883, 17, 162, 171, 193, 210, 246, 250
Merck, Johann Heinrich, 1741–1791, German literary critic, writer, 236n
Metchnikoff, Lev Ilyich, 1838–1888, Russian historian and anthropologist, author of La Civilisation et les grands fleuves historiques (1889), 119
Michelet, Jules, 1798–1874, French historian, 204
Missac, Pierre, French essayist, collaborator of Critique, 25, 57n
Molière (Jean Baptiste Poquelin), 1622–1673, French playwright, 150
Monet, Claude, 1840–1926, French Impressionist painter, 193
Montaigne, Michel de, 1533–1592, French essayist and moralist, 33, 90
Montesquieu, Baron de La Brède et de, 1689–1755, French moralist, 33
Montesquiou-Fezensac, Robert de, 1855–1921, French poet and essayist, model for Count Charlus in Proust’s Remembrance of Things Past, 202
Morgenstern, Soma, 1896–, German-Jewish journalist and novelist, 122
Musset, Alfred de, 1810–1857, French poet and playwright 159
Nadar, (Félis Tournachon), 1820–1910, French writer and caricaturist, 160
Napoleon Bonaparte, 1769–1821, 119
Nargeot, Clara, née Thénon, 1829–?, French portrait painter, 160
Neher, Carola, 1900–1936, German actress, 148
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 1844–1900, 28, 251
Nodier, Charles, 1780–1844, French Romantic man of letters, 86
Novalis (Baron Friedrich von Hardenberg), 1772–1801, German lyric poet of the early Romantic period, 184
Origen, A.D. 185?–?254, Greek Father of the Church, 102
Ortega y Gasset, José, 1883–1955, Spanish essayist and philosopher, 204
Pannwitz, Rudolph, 1881–, German philosopher, 81
Pascal, Blaise, 1623–1662, French mathematician and philosopher, 33, 97, 124
Paul, Jean (Jean Paul Friedrich Richter), 1763–1825, German poet and prose writer, 47, 63
Péguy, Charles, 1873–1914, French poet and publicist, 207
Pierre-Quint, Léon, 1895–, French literary critic, Prouse scholar, 202, 223
Pirandello, Luigi, 1867–1936, Italian novelist and dramatist, 121, 222, 224
Plato, 427?–347 B.C., 146, 206
Plutarch, A.D. 46?–?120, Greek biographer, 134
Poe, Edgar Allan, 1809–1849, 100, 107, 158, 166–74, 192–3, 195
Pontmartin, Henri Comte de, 1844–1916, French man of letters, 160
Proust, Marcel, 1871–1922, 13, 22, 24, 154–7, 166, 176–91, 183–4, 197–210
Pudovkin, Vsevolod, 1893–1953, Soviet Russian film director (Storm Over Asia), 240
Ranke, Leopold von, 1795–1886, German historian, 247
Raphael, 1483–1520, 238–9
Rathenau, Walther, 1867–1922, German-Jewish industrialist, economist, and politician, 38–9
Régnier, Henri de, 1864–1936, French poet, novelist, critic, 204
Reik, Theodor, 1888–, Austrian-born American psychologist and author, 157
Reinhart, Max, 1873–1943, Austrian theatrical producer, 221
Rembrandt, 1606–1669, 215, 236
Renan, Joseph Ernest, 1823–1892, French historian and philologist, 204
Riegl, Alois, 1858–1905, Austrian art historian, 216
Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard, 1826–1866, German mathematician, 147
Rilke, Rainer Maria, 1875–1926, German poet and prose writer, 231
Rimbaud, Arthur, 1854–1891, French symbolist poet, 152
Ritter, Johann Wilhelm, German 19th-century publisher, 67
Rivière, Jacques, 1886–1925, French novelist, journalist, and literary critic, 13, 161, 208
Robespierre, Maximilien, 1758–1794, French revolutionist, 253
Romains, Jules, 1885–1972, French poet, novelist, playwright, 191n Rosenthal, Jacques, antiquarian book dealer, 68
Rosenzweig, Franz, 1886–1929, Jewish philosopher and theologian, 116
Roswitha of Gandersheim, 10th-century German nun, poet, chronicler, and author of Latin plays, 146
Rougemont, Denis de, 1896–, Swiss essayist and writer, 124
Rychner, Max, 1897–1965, Swiss journalist, essayist, literary historian 27–8, 57
Sainte-Beuve, Charles-Auguste, 1804–1869, French literary critic, 204
St.-John Perse (Alexis Saint-Léger Léger), 1887–1975, French poet Nobel Prize laureate 1960, 9, 22
Saint-Simon, Duc de, 1675–1755, author of the famed Memoirs, 203–4
Schlegel, Friedrich von, 1772–1829, German poet, critic, literary historian, and translator of Shakespeare’s plays, 28, 76
Schoeps, Hans Joachim, 1909–, German professor of religious history, 123
Scholem, Gerhard (Gershom), 1897–1982, professor of Jewish mysticism in Jerusalem, 8, 10, 15, 17, 20, 22, 24, 32, 40, 56, 57, 257
Schwab, Gustav, 1792–1850, German classical philologist, poet, biographer, 139
Sealsfield, Charles, 1793–1864, Austrian-born, later naturalized American author of adventure stories, 84
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, 4 B.C.?–65n A.D., Roman statesman and philosopher, 8
Senefelder, Aloys, 1771–1834, inventor of lithography, 173
Séverin-Mars (Armand Jean de Malasayade), 1873–1921, French actor, author, director of films, 221
Shakespeare, William, 1564–1616, 215
Simmel, Georg, 1858–1918, German philosopher and sociologist, 187
Simolin, Baron, book collector, 66
Socrates, 470?–399 B.C., 139
Sophocles, 496?–406 B.C., 78, 82
Spinoza, Baruch, 1632–1677, 62, 206
Spitzweg, Carl, 1808–1885, German genre painter, 69
Steiner, Rudolf, 1861–1925, Austrian, founder of anthroposophy, 120
