Enemy on the Euphrates, page 52
Long, Walter 157, 159–61
Longrigg, Stephen Helmsley 398
Lorimer, J. G. 31
Lower Gharraf, River 360
Lukin, Colonel R. C. W. 295–6, 305
Lyell, Thomas 148, 178
Lynch Brothers 31–2
Mackay, James Lyle 20
MacMunn, Sir George 202, 219, 228, 265–6
Mahdist War (1881–99) 28
Mahmud of Sulaymaniyya, Sheikh 211
Mahsud (tribe) 268
Malayan Emergency (1948–60) xxiv
Malayan Races Liberation Army xxiv
Mann, Captain J. S. 140, 147, 294
Marlowe, John 398, 406
Marshall, Lt. Gen. Sir William 110, 145–6
Masruh Harb (tribe) 97
Maude, Lt. Gen. Sir Stanley 100, 105, 110, 132, 135, 172, 276, 318
Maxwell, General Sir John 80
Maxwell, Richard P. 7–8
McMahon, Sir Henry 75, 80–1, 92–4, 104, 136, 156, 213
McVean, Lt. Col. D. A. D. 277–9
Mehmet V, Sultan 28, 38
Mellis, Maj. Gen. Charles 46
Mesopotamia xxiii, xxvii, 63, 79, 101–2, 113–14, 116–17, 119, 135–6, 146, 148–9, 153, 160, 202, 213–14, 238, 259–60, 281, 297, 311, 313, 332, 345–6, 350, 365, 387–8
Baghdad xxiv–xxv, 5
Karbela xxiv–xxv
Najaf xxiv–xxv
Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force 89, 103
al-Mgutar, Sayyid Hadi 33, 359, 366, 371, 384
al-Midfa‘i, Jamil 179, 216, 224, 229–31, 265
Middle East Committee 113–14
Middle East Development Company 21
Millerand, Alexandre 163
Mishkab, River 127
Mobil 400
Monroe, General Charles 92
Montagu, Edwin 148, 153, 240, 242, 257, 261
Moore, Captain Selby 288–9
bin Mubarak, Husayn 97–9
Muhammad, Prophet 32–3, 129, 174, 181–2
Mujarra (tribe) 128
Muntafiq (tribe) 41–2, 126–7, 176, 359–60, 371
Najd (Emirate) 384, 392
Nalder, Lt. Col. L. F. 224, 230
National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA) xxiv
Near East Development Corporation 400
Nepan, Brigadier General H. E. C. B. 262, 281
Nesbitt, Sergeant Instructor 327, 330
Netherlands
Hague, The 159
Newton, Sergeant Major 327
Nixon, General Sir John E. 44, 49, 89–91
Noble, A. H. 161
Noperforce 225, 263, 287
Norbury, Major P. Fitzgerald 294
Nur ud-Din Bey, Colonel Yusuf 90
O’Conor, Sir Nicholas R. 5–6, 8–9
Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003–11) 403–4
Organisation for the Liberation of the Muslim East (Jam‘iyya al-Takhlis al-Sharq al-Islami) 177
Ormsby-Gore, William 345, 348
Ottoman Empire xxiv–xxv, 21–4, 27, 29–32, 39, 41, 47, 51, 56–7, 60, 63, 66, 68, 74–6, 78, 82, 89, 91, 104, 115, 119–20, 130, 157, 171, 176, 206, 320, 340, 362, 392, 394–5
Istanbul 5–6, 8, 21, 24–5, 30–1, 37–8, 41, 58, 66, 69, 76–7
Jeddah 97
Khafajiyya 52
Kurdistan 23
Mecca 36–7, 77–8, 93, 97, 99
Medina 36, 95, 98–9
Nasiriyya 34, 41, 47, 54–5, 127, 151, 282
Nukhayla 42, 46
Rabigh 97, 99
Ram Hormuz 43
Sarikamish 57
Ta’if 97
Yanbu‘ 97, 99
Zayn 26
Pachahiji Ahmad ibn ‘Abdi 252
Palestine 36, 62, 66–7, 73, 79, 81, 108, 134, 156, 166, 186, 212, 287, 298, 332, 396
Arab Revolt (1936–9) xxiv
British Mandate of (1920–48) 199
Gaza Strip 86
Haifa 62, 65, 86
Jaffa 111
Jerusalem 82, 111, 326, 406
West Bank 406
Palgrave, William 9
Parfit, Revd Joseph T. 207
Pascoe, E. H. 161–2
Pasha, ‘Ali Ihsan 120
Pasha, Djemal 57, 78
Pasha, Enver 23–4, 57, 91, 94, 111
Army of Islam 118
Pasha, Fakhr ed-Din 99
Pasha, Fakhri 76
Pasha, Khalil 91, 94, 100
Pathans 267
Peninsular & Oriental (P&O) Steam Navigation Company 20, 201
Persia 6, 11, 13, 22, 34, 42, 49, 51, 57, 64, 110, 114, 116, 127, 135, 158–9, 162, 173, 204, 207–10, 225–7, 233, 239, 247–8, 256–7, 260, 263, 283, 308, 323, 327, 358
Abadan 36, 55, 64, 272, 317
Ahwaz 14, 16, 43, 54–5, 114
Arabistan 11, 51, 54
Constitutional Revolution (1905–11) 14, 140, 341
Enzeli 233, 263
Hamadan 263
Karind 227–9, 255, 263–4, 272
Khoramshah 263
Maidan-i-Naftun 16–18
Mamatayn 14–15
Manjil Pass 227
Masjid-i-Sulayman 25
Nasiriyya 204, 250, 318–19, 356, 362, 366–7
Natal 195
Qasvin 227–8, 263, 272
Ram Hormuz 14
Resht 227
Sar-i-Mil 255
Tehran 13–14, 157, 173, 227–8, 242, 247, 326, 408
Persian Gulf War (1990–1) 403
Petroleum Executive 158
Petroleum Imperial Policy Committee (PIPCO) 112
Philby, Harry 250, 390, 392
Pigeon, Captain J. W. 361, 363–4
Pirie, Gordon 279, 390
Pledge, The (al-‘Ahd) 39, 77–9, 85, 93, 171, 179, 214, 224, 383
al-‘Ahd al-‘Iraqi 216–18, 220
Poland 308
Pulley, Major H. C. 246, 293, 295
al-Qadir, ‘Isa Abd 184
Rabi‘a (tribe) 126
al-Rafiq, Sharif ‘Awn 37
al-Rashid, ‘Abdallah 385
Raskolnikov, Commander F. F. 225–6
Red Cross 123, 125
Reed, Oliver 401
Republic of Ireland 352
Dublin 198
Tipperary 271
War of Independence (1919–21) xxiv, 198
Reynolds, G. B. 15–16
Rhodes, Cecil 12
Ridha, Mirza Muhammad 180–1, 246–7
de Roebeck, Admiral 58, 69
Rogan, Eugene 400
Royal Dutch/Shell Company 18, 20–1, 112, 347
Anglo-Saxon Oil 161
Shell Transport and Trading 159
Royal Geographical Society 123
Rumania 158–9
al-Rumayidh, Sheikh Badr 359
Rumaytha relief column (RUMCOL) 283–4, 290, 313
Russell, Lt. 363–4
Russian Empire xxvi, 14, 22, 27, 57, 65, 67, 95, 159
Armenia 111
Baku 109, 111
Civil War (1917–22) 111, 177
Feodosia 24
October Revolution (1917) 109, 113, 133–4
Odessa 24
Sevastopol 24
al-Sadr, Sayyid Hasan 173
al-Sadr, Sayyid Muhammad 173–5, 358, 384, 408
al-Sa‘dun, Sheikh ‘Ajami 42, 176, 359
Sa‘dun, ‘Umran al-Haj 42
al-Sa’id, Lt. Nuri 167, 214, 256, 392–3, 398, 407
Salih 231
Samawa relief column (SAMCOL) 370
San Remo Conference (1920) 163, 170, 347
Sanders, Brigadier General G. A. F. 326, 374
Sarel, Lt. Col. G. B. M. 232
Sasanov, Serge 86
ibn Sa‘ud, Emir ‘Abdul ‘Aziz 103, 384
Saudi Arabia
Asir 119
Mecca 168–9, 385
Medina 384–5
Riyadh 103
Scott, Colonel H. L. 237, 288
Second Anglo-Boer War (1899–1901) 298
Senussi (tribe) 396
Serbia 22, 24
al-Shabibi, Sheikh Baqir 171, 341, 343
Shah, Nasr ed-Din 13
Shah, Muhammad Ali 14
Shah, Muzaffar ed-Din 13–14, 140
al-Shallash, Ramadan 219–20
Shamiyya, River 127, 150, 340
Shammar (tribe) 123, 126
Jarba’ 128, 224
al-Sharaf, Lt. ‘Abd al-Rahman 252
Shatt al-‘Arab 11, 25–6, 73, 202
Shibl (tribe) 244, 294
Shilash, ‘Abd al-Muhsin 180
al-Shirazi, Mirza Muhammad Taqi 152, 169, 180–2, 187, 247–8, 323, 336, 338–9, 342, 358
Shuqayr, Na’um 77, 79
Sikar, Sheikh ‘Abd al-Wahid 181, 375, 377
Sikhism 267
Slade, Rear Admiral Sir Edmond 20, 25, 63–4, 109, 115–18
Smith, Sir Hubert Llewellyn 60
Somalia xxiv
South Africa
Pretoria 196
Soviet Union (USSR) 352
Baku 225–6
Narkomindel (People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs) 177
Petrograd 226
Red Army 178
Spain
Madrid 119
Standard Oil Company 158, 400
Stanley, Lt. D. H. 320
Stewart, Brigadier General 295, 368–9, 371
Storrs, Ronald 36, 126
Stuart, Captain 230
Sudan 28, 138
Suez Canal Company 20
al-Sufran (tribe) 245, 249
Sukhail, Hasan 192–3
Suwaydi, Yusuf 174–5, 180, 191, 326, 346, 376, 399, 408
Sykes, Sir Mark 5–6, 8–9, 30–1, 36–7, 56, 58, 65, 67–8, 72–4, 76, 82–6, 92–3, 99, 105, 109, 113–14, 121, 134, 396–7, 405
Sykes, Sir Tatton 5
Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916) 86–7, 102, 118, 133–4, 156, 177, 213, 396–7
Syria 29, 36, 66, 79, 81, 85, 93, 119, 121, 128, 130, 142, 148–9, 156, 163, 166, 168, 211, 216, 219, 221, 256, 265, 392, 396–7
Abu Kamal 218, 220–2, 233
Aleppo 41, 76, 78–80, 82, 92–3, 217–18, 222, 252
Damascus 39, 57, 77, 79–80, 82–3, 92, 99, 118, 160, 166–7, 179, 214, 219, 221, 234, 238, 287, 344, 398
Dayr az-Zawr 82, 153, 217–24, 229, 232–3, 265, 272
French Mandate of (1920–46) 160, 162, 344, 350, 384, 393
Hama 79–80, 92, 219
Homs 79–80, 92, 219
Tabikh, Muhsin Abu 33–4, 46, 132–3, 143, 145, 339–41, 375–7, 385, 399, 407
Talib, ‘Ali ibn Abu 32, 129
Talib, Sayyid 392
Tamils 267
Texaco 400
Third Reich (1933–45) 406, 409
Thomas, Captain Bertram 360
Thomas, Lowell 148, 212
Tigris, River xxv, 11, 27, 31, 42, 44, 54, 57, 61, 90–1, 114, 118–19, 123, 126, 128, 131, 137, 165, 188, 202–3, 224, 250, 263–4, 271, 317, 359
Central 358
Lower 358
al-Timman, Haji Daud 34, 105
al-Timman, Ja‘far Abu 31, 34–5, 105, 172–5, 180, 182, 184, 240, 326, 342–3, 376–7, 384, 408
Tirah Campaign (1897–8) 207
Townshead, General 73, 90–1, 94, 318
Tozer, Lt. P. H. S. 299
Transjordan 168, 400, 406
Amman 407
‘Aqaba 407
Trenchard, Air Marshal Hugh 353, 391, 393, 405, 409
Trotsky, Leon 225–6
Turkey 24, 60, 64–5, 71, 75, 118, 154, 175–6, 200, 217, 359, 382, 403
Alexandretta 62, 86
Ankara 168
Aqaba 111
Ari Burnu 70
Cape Helles 70
Dardanelles 24, 58, 60, 68–9
Istanbul 163, 174, 199, 217, 287, 326
Suvla Bay 76
Urfa 82
Turkish National Bank 21
Turkish Petroleum Company
(TPC)/Iraq Petroleum Company 21–2, 158–9, 162, 347–8, 400
‘Ubayd (tribe) 126, 128
al ‘Ubayd, Sheikh Khayyun 137, 359
al-‘Umari, Amin Effendi 224
United Kingdom (UK) xxvi–xxvii, 14, 22–3, 27, 29–30, 60, 62, 65, 71–2, 86–7, 89, 92, 94, 102, 111, 113, 116–18, 121, 135, 151, 155, 204, 208, 213, 256, 262, 274, 352, 393–4, 397, 406, 408
Glasgow 198
London 8, 25, 27, 56, 74, 104, 110, 135, 153, 155, 157, 159–61, 163, 167, 169, 201, 259, 287, 408
Manchester 271
United States of America (USA) xxiii, 43, 107–9, 113, 115, 134, 156, 199, 335, 347, 396, 400, 403–4
Congress 134
Revolution (1776) 400
Washington DC 110
ibn ‘Usman, Agha ‘Abdul Rahman 223, 229–30, 232
Uthman, Mulla 183
Vickery, Captain C. E. 99
Vinogradov, Amal 399
Wahhabi (tribe) 384
Wahhabism 103, 129, 169
Walker, Brigadier General H. A. 374
al-Watan, Fida’ 176
Wauchope, Brigadier General Arthur G. 277, 295, 305
Wilson, Lt. Col. Arnold T. 11–15, 18, 23, 26, 49, 51, 53–5, 73–4, 104, 135–7, 145–7, 151–2, 154, 168, 170, 174, 183, 188, 190–3, 200, 203–4, 206–7, 209, 211, 214–15, 220–1, 224, 229, 233–4, 237, 239–43, 247, 249, 255, 257–60, 263, 270, 294, 307–10, 327, 330–2, 336, 351–2, 354, 370, 373, 378, 394, 397, 401, 405–6, 408–9
Wilson, Woodrow 55, 119, 134–5, 148–9, 156
Winterton, Earl 349
Wrigley, Captain W. T. 327–9
al-Yasari, Sayyid ‘Alwan 33
Yazdi, Muhammad Kadhim 35, 42, 145–6, 151–2, 169
Yemen 119, 400
Young, Brigadier General H. G. 323–5, 328
Young Arab Society, The (Jam‘iyya al-‘Arabiyya al-Fatat) 39, 76–7, 85
Young Turks 32, 37, 140–1, 174, 178, 407
Zauba‘ (tribe) 244, 331, 358, 389, 401
Zayd, Emir 97, 167, 217–18
Zoroastrianism 16
Zubayd (tribe) 126–7
al-Zwayn, Sayyid Hadi 181
Rutledge, Ian, Enemy on the Euphrates
