Joseph E. Persico, page 66
Stalin believed that leaving the Germans: FRUS, Cairo Conference, p. 513.
Upon checking into Istanbul’s luxurious: Farago, p. 572.
He signed the telegram: ibid.
Ten days after Earle checked into: ibid., p. 576.
“unquestionably a Nazi agent… .”: MR Box 13.
“Earle is cooperating… .”: ibid.
When the Allied troops did invade: Farago, pp. 578–79.
One day FDR received a large envelope: ibid., p. 577.
“there would be no place… .”: ibid., p. 576.
chapter xvii: leakage from the top
Yet, he had trouble persuading: Christopher Andrew, For the President’s Eyes Only, p. 143.
“I have learned that you seldom… .”: ibid.
“C in C [Commander in Chief] combined… .”: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen, Spy Book, p. 606.
While the Battle of Midway: Andrew, p. 138.
“Oshima often impressed this observer… .”: Polmar and Allen, Spy Book, p. 417.
“I took occasion to ask him… .”: RG 457 #89076.
“Why does Germany have to take …?”: RG 457 #92031.
“Before long, as things now look… .”: RG 457 #93120.
“Well, it is quite true that these bombings… .”: RG 457 #94081.
In one summary, the ambassador: RG 457 CBOM 76.
“Local municipal authorities told me… .”: RG 457 #94388.
“The main reason is failure to close… .”: RG 457 SRH 111.
“… [T]he prisoners tell us… .”: RG 457 CBOM 76.
On December 15 the Japanese foreign office: ibid.
“… [L]ooking at it from the American point of view… .”: RG 457 #74938.
In 1943 over four hundred messages: Polmar and Allen, Spy Book, p. 417.
“was our main basis of information… .”: ibid.
“[a]n American espionage agency in Lisbon… .”: RG 457 SRH 113.
“would be nothing less… .”: ibid.
“the folly of letting loose a group… .”: ibid.
“… that steps be taken immediately to recall… .”: ibid.
“the ill advised and amateurish efforts… .”: Anthony Cave Brown, The Last Hero, p. 305.
“used by the Japanese …”: ibid., p. 306.
“Nothing has happened to the code books… .”: RG 457 SRH 113.
ROOSEVELT PROTECTED IN TALKS TO ENVOYS: Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes, p. 586.
“completed … an installation… .”: ibid., pp. 587–88.
“We do not want to propose armistice… .”: Warren F. Kimball, Churchill & Roosevelt, p. 357.
“This is incontrovertible evidence… .”: ibid.
Hitler had decided three days before: David Kahn, Code Breaking in World Wars I and II, p. 176.
“… in view of the position which you have taken… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 343.
Instead, he signaled that Wild Bill: ibid., p. 344.
It was the bureaucratic infighting: Richard Gid Powers, Secrecy and Power, p. 226.
Donovan pointed out that the OSS: PSF Box 8.
Britain’s Lord Louis Mountbatten pleaded: Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 688.
Donovan informed the President that he had: PSF Box 149; Neal H. Petersen, ed., From Hitler’s Doorstep: The Wartime Intelligence Reports of Allen Dulles, 1942–1945, p. 4.
“Espionage is not a game… .”: Ernest Volkman, Spies, p. vii.
Dulles was also a ladies’ man: Petersen, p. 5.
He had the lightbulbs removed: Jim Bishop, FDR’s Last Year, p. 502; Brown, The Last Hero, p. 274.
During a diplomatic assignment to Bern: Joseph E. Persico, Piercing the Reich, p. 65.
Unsuspected by his superiors: William B. Breuer, Hoodwinking Hitler, p. 26.
“I don’t believe you… .”: Persico, Piercing the Reich, p. 64.
Aware of the skepticism he aroused: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 279.
Dansey was described by his own people: Breuer, p. 28.
“obviously a plant” whom “Dulles… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 279.
However, when Kolbe’s purloined messages: ibid.
“[S]hipments of oranges will continue… .”: Persico, Piercing the Reich, p. 68.
Another foreign office communiqué: ibid.
“We have secured through secret intelligence… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 280.
The first fourteen messages from Kolbe/Wood’s: ibid.
Thirteen-year-old Sumner: Irwin F. Gellman, Secret Affairs, p. 59.
Furthermore, Cordell Hull was suffering: Curt Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover, p. 307.
Sumner Welles, reserved, soft-spoken: Gellman, p. xi.
When the porter declined: Gentry, p. 307.
He had made homosexual passes: ibid., p. 308.
Hoover, aware that he himself was rumored: Athan Theoharis, ed., From the Secret Files of J. Edgar Hoover, p. 346.
The results were kept in the FBI’s “OC”: Gellman, p. 236.
According to FDR’s son Jimmy: James Roosevelt, My Parents, p. 186.
Bullitt had somehow managed to get his hands: Gentry, p. 309.
Bullitt was further suspected: ibid.
In April 1941 the egocentric: Orville H. Bullitt, ed., For the President, Personal and Secret, p. 512.
“I know all about… .”: ibid., p. 513.
As the general stepped in: ibid., p. 514.
He might commit suicide: Gentry, p. 309.
“Well, he’s not doing it… .”: ibid.
Long ago FDR had had his own brush: Suckley, Binder 18, pp. 230–32.
He told Senator Alben Barkley: Gentry, p. 287.
Shortly after Welles’s resignation: Gellman, p. 2.
“‘You-can-go-down-there!’”: James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 350.
Bullitt had fulfilled the description: Gentry, p. 308.
“If I go to Moscow… .”: Sherwood, p. 756; Gellman, p. 317.
chapter xviii: distrusting allies
“As far as it is known… .”: Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes, p. 655.
The Abwehr agreed to a plan: ibid., p. 648.
When he smiled he exposed: ibid., pp. 649–55.
Koehler was briefed by the Abwehr: ibid., p. 648.
They set him up: ibid., pp. 650–51.
“This information is being made available… .”: POF Box 106.
As a young Communist in Germany: Norman Moss, Klaus Fuchs, p. 12.
While engaged in this work: ibid., p. 53.
Before the year was out: ibid., pp. 38–40.
More important, he possessed: ibid., p. 59.
Sonya explained to Fuchs: ibid., p. 40.
“Can you tell me the way …?”: ibid., p. 47.
Gold, a chemist by profession: ibid., p. 48.
They were meeting at Berle’s: U.S. Congress, Hearings on Proposed Legislation to Curb or Control the Communist Party of the United States, February 1948, p. 1406.
He had been part of a Communist: ibid., p. 1293.
He had broken with the party: Allen Weinstein, Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case, p. 307.
Felix Frankfurter gave the Hisses: ibid., p. 63.
“The campaign of calumny against the Soviet Union… .”: MR Box 8.
Secretary of State Hull managed: ibid.
“Since the Polish Government… .”: ibid.
“The military and police officers… .”: Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatoli Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, p. 477.
“[s]pecial tribunals … without summoning… .”: ibid., pp. 477–78.
Documents released following the collapse: ibid., p. 476.
O’Malley made clear: Warren F. Kimball, Churchill & Roosevelt, vol. 2, pp. 389–94.
“[I]n view of the immense importance… .”: ibid., p. 398.
“If,” his message ended: ibid., p. 399.
“Nevertheless, should you have time… .”: ibid., p. 389.
The President never made: MR, Roosevelt to Stalin, April 26, 1943.
A Magic decrypt picked up: RG 457 #85850.
“extraordinarily beautiful woman …”: Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev, The Haunted Wood, p. 4.
Duggan, according to Soviet wartime documents: ibid., p. 9.
By 1939, Duggan had begun: ibid., p. 19.
In March of that year: Henry Wallace Papers, Reel 13, Frame 1149, FDRL.
“There’s been an awful lot… .”: Robert D. Graff Papers, Box 3, FDRL.
In 1940 the old Bolshevik had been railroaded: POF Box 1.
His conviction, however, did not deter: ibid.
The feisty La Guardia came to the White House: Graff Papers, Box 3.
“They had been engaged in… .”: James Roosevelt and Sidney Shalett, Affectionately, F.D.R., pp. 50–51.
At Tehran, Stalin could be expected: Laslo Havas, Hitler’s Plot to Kill the Big 3, p. 170.
“had been making a certain amount… .”: PSF Box 153.
“had come on a highly secret… .”: ibid.
Because the bombing was destroying: ibid.
OSS obligingly arranged the flight: M 1642, Reel 117, Frame 297.
“The story he brought back… .”: PSF Box 153.
Hurley, he told FDR, “disclaims… .”: ibid.
“I beg you to read this… .”: ibid.
The idea that Morde’s plan: M 1642, Reel 7a, Frame 298.
With the President were Mrs. Hull: Day-by-Day, Nov. 10, 1943.
Reilly had persuaded friends: Michael F. Reilly, Reilly of the White House, p. 28.
People like him had no business: PSF Box 153.
For anyone else, support of: Jürgen Heideking and Christof Mauch, eds., American Intelligence and the German Resistance to Hitler, p. 6.
On October 14, Earle sent the White House: MR Box 13.
A few months before, in August: ibid.
“one half of Rumanian production”: ibid.
The rest of the planes: ibid.
Still, Earle had tapped some valuable sources: HH Box 138.
“I ought to let you know… .”: Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, Vol. 5, Closing the Ring, p. 197.
“I am personally as yet unconvinced… .”: ibid., p. 203.
“rupturing the Anglo-American plans… .”: ibid., p. 197.
He was dissuaded: F. H. Hinsley, British Intelligence in the Second World War, vol. 3, pt. 1, pp. 415, 449.
“For this reason,” Churchill continued: Francis L. Loewenheim, Harold D. Langley, and Manfred Jonas, eds., Roosevelt and Churchill: Their Secret Wartime Correspondence, p. 389.
“About June 10, he told… .”: Churchill, The Second World War, p. 197.
Over 120 scientists and 600 foreign workers: Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas, p. 389.
On November 5, Roosevelt received: MR Box 13.
“We too have received many reports… .”: Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas, p. 392.
After Peenemünde was struck: ibid.
“Stratospheric attack on America… .”: MR Box 13.
The objective, he revealed, was: Hinsley, p. 347.
chapter xix: deceivers and the deceived
“A supply of money… .”: William M. Rigdon, White House Sailor, p. 61; Michael Reilly, Reilly of the White House, pp. 59–60.
On Saturday, November 27: William B. Breuer, Hoodwinking Hitler, p. 4; James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 406.
“a catalytic agent… .”: David Stafford, Churchill and Secret Service, p. 198.
“I think if I give [Stalin]… .”: William Bullitt, “How We Won the War and Lost the Peace,” Life, August 30, 1948, p. 94.
The Stalin whom Roosevelt hoped: C. P. Snow, Variety of Men, pp. 266–67.
The burly Irishman: Jim Bishop, FDR’s Last Year, p. 2.
They had two missions: Reilly, p. 175.
“There can never be… .”: William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, p. 1027.
By the fall of 1943, the SD: Laslo Havas, Hitler’s Plot to Kill the Big 3, pp. 160, 204.
With this intelligence in hand: Breuer, p. 5.
Under Skorzeny’s tutelage: Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatoli Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, p. 130.
Its members practiced assassination: Havas, p. 159.
By September 10, SS chief: ibid., pp. 160, 204.
The mission to murder: Breuer, p. 4.
“I like to be more independent… .”: Rigdon, p. 78.
The President chose to stay: Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 776.
At nine-thirty the following morning: Rigdon, p. 61.
Stalin feared, Harriman said: Havas, p. 222.
“Assassination”: Sherwood, p. 776.
The pro-Allied shah, Reza Pahlavi: Havas, p. 80; Rigdon, p. 79.
Roosevelt decided to move: Rigdon, p. 80.
The legation became a whirlwind: Havas, p. 195.
By 3 p.m., a motorcade: ibid., p. 223.
The caravan rolled out: William D. Leahy, I Was There, p. 203.
All but six of the hit men: Havas, p. 218.
But the six remaining: ibid., pp. 227–28.
The President was lifted: Rigdon, p. 80.
Reilly instructed the driver: Breuer, p. 6.
The car slid through the gates: Leahy, p. 203; Rigdon, p. 80.
Stalin gave up the main residence: Rigdon, pp. 80–81.
“The servants who made… .”: Breuer, p. 6.
Along with the comfortable: Havas, p. 223.
Stalin wore a plain: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 406.
However lacking in stature: Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, p. 257.
“I have tried for a long time… .”: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 407.
“There was no waste of word… .”: Sherwood, pp. 343–44.
They made an odd pair: Goodwin, p. 257.
“Roosevelt was about to say something… .”: Robert H. Ferrell, The Dying President: Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1944–1945, p. 17.
The Tehran conference ended: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 411.
Maybe the way to spike: Leahy, p. 243.
Back home, holding a press conference: The Complete Presidential Press Conferences of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Dec. 17, 1943.
“Do you realize what a bad impression …?”: RG 457 CBOM 76.
“The author of the statement… .”: ibid.
“whatever was said was concerning… .”: ibid.
The six surviving Skorzeny: Reilly, p. 182.
“Who will command Overlord?”: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 410.
“I do not believe we can wait… .”: MR Box 165.
“We are making preparations… .”: Francis L. Loewenheim, Harold D. Langley, and Manfred Jonas, eds., Roosevelt and Churchill: Their Secret Wartime Correspondence, p. 228.
“No responsible British general… .”: ibid., p. 222.
“like carrying a large lump of ice… .”: Winston S. Churchill, Memoirs of the Second World War, p. 619.
“especially about our being… .”: Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas, p. 237.
Though Churchill had finally agreed: ibid., p. 331.
At one point, he stood: Sherwood, p. 590.
“Germany can be beaten… .”: FRUS, First Quebec Conference, p. 497.
“None of these methods… .”: ibid.
Churchill may well have preferred: Sherwood, p. 591.
On one errand for the OSS: Churchill, Memoirs, p. 463.
“Why is the Prime Minister so anxious …?”: Ernest Cuneo Papers, Box 108, FDRL.
“The importance of the command… .”: MR Box 17.
“I believe General Marshall… .”: ibid.
The choice of Marshall had appeared: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 392.
As Henry Stimson remembered: Henry L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy, On Active Service in Peace and War, p. 441.
“to transfer [Marshall]… .”: PSF Box 83.
“You are absolutely right… .”: ibid.
“Ike, you and I know… .”: Sherwood, p. 770.
Ike would be coming back: ibid.
“I believe that Marshall’s command… .”: Stimson memo to Harry Hopkins, Nov. 10, 1943, FDRL.
But Mrs. Marshall began to move: Maurice Matloff, United States Army in World War II, p. 274; Sherwood, p. 761.
General Pershing’s position: Matloff, p. 294.
A Nazi broadcast out of Paris: Eric Larrabee, Commander in Chief, p. 149.
Though Marshall continued to keep: Sherwood, p. 761.
“I was determined… .”: Leonard Mosley, Marshall, p. 265.
“The [President] evidently assumed… .”: ibid., p. 266.
“Well, I didn’t feel I could sleep… .”: ibid.; Larrabee, p. 150.
“I said frankly that I was staggered… .”: Stimson and Bundy, p. 442.
“The President said he got the impression… .”: ibid.
“I knew in the bottom of his heart… .”: ibid.
“He therefore proposed to nominate… .”: Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, p. 357.
Roosevelt’s next stop after Cairo: Sherwood, p. 803.
“Dear Eisenhower you might like… .”: POF Box 8912.
“Eisenhower is the best politician… .”: James Roosevelt, My Parents, p. 167.
In his report, Oshima described: Stafford, p. 274.
What if, before Overlord: Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas, p. 432.
Thus he endorsed: Bishop, p. 289.
“to transport the Army… .”: U.S. Army Historical Manuscripts Collection, file 8-3, 6ACA, FDRL.
The closer the May 1944 invasion: F. H. Hinsley, British Intelligence in the Second World War, vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 46.
“… [T]here is an indirect way… .”: David Kahn, Hitler’s Spies, p. 483.
“Truth is so precious… .”: Churchill, The Second World War, p. 328.
“Stalin and his comrades… .”: ibid.
“In particular it was agreed… .”: Anthony Cave Brown, Bodyguard of Lies, p. 389.
Beneath the pavements: ibid., p. 1.
In December 1943, less than a month: Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes, p. 614.
London Controlling Section: Brown, Bodyguard of Lies, p. 8.
“I cannot prophesy… .”: Samuel I. Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 367.
“No doubt some government department… .”: David Irving, Hitler’s War, p. 279.
“I am inclined to believe… .”: David Kahn, Code Breaking in World Wars I and II, p. 148.
All these conditions: Churchill, The Second World War, p. 507.
Upon checking into Istanbul’s luxurious: Farago, p. 572.
He signed the telegram: ibid.
Ten days after Earle checked into: ibid., p. 576.
“unquestionably a Nazi agent… .”: MR Box 13.
“Earle is cooperating… .”: ibid.
When the Allied troops did invade: Farago, pp. 578–79.
One day FDR received a large envelope: ibid., p. 577.
“there would be no place… .”: ibid., p. 576.
chapter xvii: leakage from the top
Yet, he had trouble persuading: Christopher Andrew, For the President’s Eyes Only, p. 143.
“I have learned that you seldom… .”: ibid.
“C in C [Commander in Chief] combined… .”: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen, Spy Book, p. 606.
While the Battle of Midway: Andrew, p. 138.
“Oshima often impressed this observer… .”: Polmar and Allen, Spy Book, p. 417.
“I took occasion to ask him… .”: RG 457 #89076.
“Why does Germany have to take …?”: RG 457 #92031.
“Before long, as things now look… .”: RG 457 #93120.
“Well, it is quite true that these bombings… .”: RG 457 #94081.
In one summary, the ambassador: RG 457 CBOM 76.
“Local municipal authorities told me… .”: RG 457 #94388.
“The main reason is failure to close… .”: RG 457 SRH 111.
“… [T]he prisoners tell us… .”: RG 457 CBOM 76.
On December 15 the Japanese foreign office: ibid.
“… [L]ooking at it from the American point of view… .”: RG 457 #74938.
In 1943 over four hundred messages: Polmar and Allen, Spy Book, p. 417.
“was our main basis of information… .”: ibid.
“[a]n American espionage agency in Lisbon… .”: RG 457 SRH 113.
“would be nothing less… .”: ibid.
“the folly of letting loose a group… .”: ibid.
“… that steps be taken immediately to recall… .”: ibid.
“the ill advised and amateurish efforts… .”: Anthony Cave Brown, The Last Hero, p. 305.
“used by the Japanese …”: ibid., p. 306.
“Nothing has happened to the code books… .”: RG 457 SRH 113.
ROOSEVELT PROTECTED IN TALKS TO ENVOYS: Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes, p. 586.
“completed … an installation… .”: ibid., pp. 587–88.
“We do not want to propose armistice… .”: Warren F. Kimball, Churchill & Roosevelt, p. 357.
“This is incontrovertible evidence… .”: ibid.
Hitler had decided three days before: David Kahn, Code Breaking in World Wars I and II, p. 176.
“… in view of the position which you have taken… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 343.
Instead, he signaled that Wild Bill: ibid., p. 344.
It was the bureaucratic infighting: Richard Gid Powers, Secrecy and Power, p. 226.
Donovan pointed out that the OSS: PSF Box 8.
Britain’s Lord Louis Mountbatten pleaded: Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 688.
Donovan informed the President that he had: PSF Box 149; Neal H. Petersen, ed., From Hitler’s Doorstep: The Wartime Intelligence Reports of Allen Dulles, 1942–1945, p. 4.
“Espionage is not a game… .”: Ernest Volkman, Spies, p. vii.
Dulles was also a ladies’ man: Petersen, p. 5.
He had the lightbulbs removed: Jim Bishop, FDR’s Last Year, p. 502; Brown, The Last Hero, p. 274.
During a diplomatic assignment to Bern: Joseph E. Persico, Piercing the Reich, p. 65.
Unsuspected by his superiors: William B. Breuer, Hoodwinking Hitler, p. 26.
“I don’t believe you… .”: Persico, Piercing the Reich, p. 64.
Aware of the skepticism he aroused: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 279.
Dansey was described by his own people: Breuer, p. 28.
“obviously a plant” whom “Dulles… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 279.
However, when Kolbe’s purloined messages: ibid.
“[S]hipments of oranges will continue… .”: Persico, Piercing the Reich, p. 68.
Another foreign office communiqué: ibid.
“We have secured through secret intelligence… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 280.
The first fourteen messages from Kolbe/Wood’s: ibid.
Thirteen-year-old Sumner: Irwin F. Gellman, Secret Affairs, p. 59.
Furthermore, Cordell Hull was suffering: Curt Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover, p. 307.
Sumner Welles, reserved, soft-spoken: Gellman, p. xi.
When the porter declined: Gentry, p. 307.
He had made homosexual passes: ibid., p. 308.
Hoover, aware that he himself was rumored: Athan Theoharis, ed., From the Secret Files of J. Edgar Hoover, p. 346.
The results were kept in the FBI’s “OC”: Gellman, p. 236.
According to FDR’s son Jimmy: James Roosevelt, My Parents, p. 186.
Bullitt had somehow managed to get his hands: Gentry, p. 309.
Bullitt was further suspected: ibid.
In April 1941 the egocentric: Orville H. Bullitt, ed., For the President, Personal and Secret, p. 512.
“I know all about… .”: ibid., p. 513.
As the general stepped in: ibid., p. 514.
He might commit suicide: Gentry, p. 309.
“Well, he’s not doing it… .”: ibid.
Long ago FDR had had his own brush: Suckley, Binder 18, pp. 230–32.
He told Senator Alben Barkley: Gentry, p. 287.
Shortly after Welles’s resignation: Gellman, p. 2.
“‘You-can-go-down-there!’”: James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 350.
Bullitt had fulfilled the description: Gentry, p. 308.
“If I go to Moscow… .”: Sherwood, p. 756; Gellman, p. 317.
chapter xviii: distrusting allies
“As far as it is known… .”: Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes, p. 655.
The Abwehr agreed to a plan: ibid., p. 648.
When he smiled he exposed: ibid., pp. 649–55.
Koehler was briefed by the Abwehr: ibid., p. 648.
They set him up: ibid., pp. 650–51.
“This information is being made available… .”: POF Box 106.
As a young Communist in Germany: Norman Moss, Klaus Fuchs, p. 12.
While engaged in this work: ibid., p. 53.
Before the year was out: ibid., pp. 38–40.
More important, he possessed: ibid., p. 59.
Sonya explained to Fuchs: ibid., p. 40.
“Can you tell me the way …?”: ibid., p. 47.
Gold, a chemist by profession: ibid., p. 48.
They were meeting at Berle’s: U.S. Congress, Hearings on Proposed Legislation to Curb or Control the Communist Party of the United States, February 1948, p. 1406.
He had been part of a Communist: ibid., p. 1293.
He had broken with the party: Allen Weinstein, Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case, p. 307.
Felix Frankfurter gave the Hisses: ibid., p. 63.
“The campaign of calumny against the Soviet Union… .”: MR Box 8.
Secretary of State Hull managed: ibid.
“Since the Polish Government… .”: ibid.
“The military and police officers… .”: Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatoli Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, p. 477.
“[s]pecial tribunals … without summoning… .”: ibid., pp. 477–78.
Documents released following the collapse: ibid., p. 476.
O’Malley made clear: Warren F. Kimball, Churchill & Roosevelt, vol. 2, pp. 389–94.
“[I]n view of the immense importance… .”: ibid., p. 398.
“If,” his message ended: ibid., p. 399.
“Nevertheless, should you have time… .”: ibid., p. 389.
The President never made: MR, Roosevelt to Stalin, April 26, 1943.
A Magic decrypt picked up: RG 457 #85850.
“extraordinarily beautiful woman …”: Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev, The Haunted Wood, p. 4.
Duggan, according to Soviet wartime documents: ibid., p. 9.
By 1939, Duggan had begun: ibid., p. 19.
In March of that year: Henry Wallace Papers, Reel 13, Frame 1149, FDRL.
“There’s been an awful lot… .”: Robert D. Graff Papers, Box 3, FDRL.
In 1940 the old Bolshevik had been railroaded: POF Box 1.
His conviction, however, did not deter: ibid.
The feisty La Guardia came to the White House: Graff Papers, Box 3.
“They had been engaged in… .”: James Roosevelt and Sidney Shalett, Affectionately, F.D.R., pp. 50–51.
At Tehran, Stalin could be expected: Laslo Havas, Hitler’s Plot to Kill the Big 3, p. 170.
“had been making a certain amount… .”: PSF Box 153.
“had come on a highly secret… .”: ibid.
Because the bombing was destroying: ibid.
OSS obligingly arranged the flight: M 1642, Reel 117, Frame 297.
“The story he brought back… .”: PSF Box 153.
Hurley, he told FDR, “disclaims… .”: ibid.
“I beg you to read this… .”: ibid.
The idea that Morde’s plan: M 1642, Reel 7a, Frame 298.
With the President were Mrs. Hull: Day-by-Day, Nov. 10, 1943.
Reilly had persuaded friends: Michael F. Reilly, Reilly of the White House, p. 28.
People like him had no business: PSF Box 153.
For anyone else, support of: Jürgen Heideking and Christof Mauch, eds., American Intelligence and the German Resistance to Hitler, p. 6.
On October 14, Earle sent the White House: MR Box 13.
A few months before, in August: ibid.
“one half of Rumanian production”: ibid.
The rest of the planes: ibid.
Still, Earle had tapped some valuable sources: HH Box 138.
“I ought to let you know… .”: Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, Vol. 5, Closing the Ring, p. 197.
“I am personally as yet unconvinced… .”: ibid., p. 203.
“rupturing the Anglo-American plans… .”: ibid., p. 197.
He was dissuaded: F. H. Hinsley, British Intelligence in the Second World War, vol. 3, pt. 1, pp. 415, 449.
“For this reason,” Churchill continued: Francis L. Loewenheim, Harold D. Langley, and Manfred Jonas, eds., Roosevelt and Churchill: Their Secret Wartime Correspondence, p. 389.
“About June 10, he told… .”: Churchill, The Second World War, p. 197.
Over 120 scientists and 600 foreign workers: Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas, p. 389.
On November 5, Roosevelt received: MR Box 13.
“We too have received many reports… .”: Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas, p. 392.
After Peenemünde was struck: ibid.
“Stratospheric attack on America… .”: MR Box 13.
The objective, he revealed, was: Hinsley, p. 347.
chapter xix: deceivers and the deceived
“A supply of money… .”: William M. Rigdon, White House Sailor, p. 61; Michael Reilly, Reilly of the White House, pp. 59–60.
On Saturday, November 27: William B. Breuer, Hoodwinking Hitler, p. 4; James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 406.
“a catalytic agent… .”: David Stafford, Churchill and Secret Service, p. 198.
“I think if I give [Stalin]… .”: William Bullitt, “How We Won the War and Lost the Peace,” Life, August 30, 1948, p. 94.
The Stalin whom Roosevelt hoped: C. P. Snow, Variety of Men, pp. 266–67.
The burly Irishman: Jim Bishop, FDR’s Last Year, p. 2.
They had two missions: Reilly, p. 175.
“There can never be… .”: William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, p. 1027.
By the fall of 1943, the SD: Laslo Havas, Hitler’s Plot to Kill the Big 3, pp. 160, 204.
With this intelligence in hand: Breuer, p. 5.
Under Skorzeny’s tutelage: Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatoli Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, p. 130.
Its members practiced assassination: Havas, p. 159.
By September 10, SS chief: ibid., pp. 160, 204.
The mission to murder: Breuer, p. 4.
“I like to be more independent… .”: Rigdon, p. 78.
The President chose to stay: Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 776.
At nine-thirty the following morning: Rigdon, p. 61.
Stalin feared, Harriman said: Havas, p. 222.
“Assassination”: Sherwood, p. 776.
The pro-Allied shah, Reza Pahlavi: Havas, p. 80; Rigdon, p. 79.
Roosevelt decided to move: Rigdon, p. 80.
The legation became a whirlwind: Havas, p. 195.
By 3 p.m., a motorcade: ibid., p. 223.
The caravan rolled out: William D. Leahy, I Was There, p. 203.
All but six of the hit men: Havas, p. 218.
But the six remaining: ibid., pp. 227–28.
The President was lifted: Rigdon, p. 80.
Reilly instructed the driver: Breuer, p. 6.
The car slid through the gates: Leahy, p. 203; Rigdon, p. 80.
Stalin gave up the main residence: Rigdon, pp. 80–81.
“The servants who made… .”: Breuer, p. 6.
Along with the comfortable: Havas, p. 223.
Stalin wore a plain: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 406.
However lacking in stature: Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, p. 257.
“I have tried for a long time… .”: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 407.
“There was no waste of word… .”: Sherwood, pp. 343–44.
They made an odd pair: Goodwin, p. 257.
“Roosevelt was about to say something… .”: Robert H. Ferrell, The Dying President: Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1944–1945, p. 17.
The Tehran conference ended: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 411.
Maybe the way to spike: Leahy, p. 243.
Back home, holding a press conference: The Complete Presidential Press Conferences of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Dec. 17, 1943.
“Do you realize what a bad impression …?”: RG 457 CBOM 76.
“The author of the statement… .”: ibid.
“whatever was said was concerning… .”: ibid.
The six surviving Skorzeny: Reilly, p. 182.
“Who will command Overlord?”: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 410.
“I do not believe we can wait… .”: MR Box 165.
“We are making preparations… .”: Francis L. Loewenheim, Harold D. Langley, and Manfred Jonas, eds., Roosevelt and Churchill: Their Secret Wartime Correspondence, p. 228.
“No responsible British general… .”: ibid., p. 222.
“like carrying a large lump of ice… .”: Winston S. Churchill, Memoirs of the Second World War, p. 619.
“especially about our being… .”: Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas, p. 237.
Though Churchill had finally agreed: ibid., p. 331.
At one point, he stood: Sherwood, p. 590.
“Germany can be beaten… .”: FRUS, First Quebec Conference, p. 497.
“None of these methods… .”: ibid.
Churchill may well have preferred: Sherwood, p. 591.
On one errand for the OSS: Churchill, Memoirs, p. 463.
“Why is the Prime Minister so anxious …?”: Ernest Cuneo Papers, Box 108, FDRL.
“The importance of the command… .”: MR Box 17.
“I believe General Marshall… .”: ibid.
The choice of Marshall had appeared: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 392.
As Henry Stimson remembered: Henry L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy, On Active Service in Peace and War, p. 441.
“to transfer [Marshall]… .”: PSF Box 83.
“You are absolutely right… .”: ibid.
“Ike, you and I know… .”: Sherwood, p. 770.
Ike would be coming back: ibid.
“I believe that Marshall’s command… .”: Stimson memo to Harry Hopkins, Nov. 10, 1943, FDRL.
But Mrs. Marshall began to move: Maurice Matloff, United States Army in World War II, p. 274; Sherwood, p. 761.
General Pershing’s position: Matloff, p. 294.
A Nazi broadcast out of Paris: Eric Larrabee, Commander in Chief, p. 149.
Though Marshall continued to keep: Sherwood, p. 761.
“I was determined… .”: Leonard Mosley, Marshall, p. 265.
“The [President] evidently assumed… .”: ibid., p. 266.
“Well, I didn’t feel I could sleep… .”: ibid.; Larrabee, p. 150.
“I said frankly that I was staggered… .”: Stimson and Bundy, p. 442.
“The President said he got the impression… .”: ibid.
“I knew in the bottom of his heart… .”: ibid.
“He therefore proposed to nominate… .”: Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, p. 357.
Roosevelt’s next stop after Cairo: Sherwood, p. 803.
“Dear Eisenhower you might like… .”: POF Box 8912.
“Eisenhower is the best politician… .”: James Roosevelt, My Parents, p. 167.
In his report, Oshima described: Stafford, p. 274.
What if, before Overlord: Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas, p. 432.
Thus he endorsed: Bishop, p. 289.
“to transport the Army… .”: U.S. Army Historical Manuscripts Collection, file 8-3, 6ACA, FDRL.
The closer the May 1944 invasion: F. H. Hinsley, British Intelligence in the Second World War, vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 46.
“… [T]here is an indirect way… .”: David Kahn, Hitler’s Spies, p. 483.
“Truth is so precious… .”: Churchill, The Second World War, p. 328.
“Stalin and his comrades… .”: ibid.
“In particular it was agreed… .”: Anthony Cave Brown, Bodyguard of Lies, p. 389.
Beneath the pavements: ibid., p. 1.
In December 1943, less than a month: Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes, p. 614.
London Controlling Section: Brown, Bodyguard of Lies, p. 8.
“I cannot prophesy… .”: Samuel I. Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 367.
“No doubt some government department… .”: David Irving, Hitler’s War, p. 279.
“I am inclined to believe… .”: David Kahn, Code Breaking in World Wars I and II, p. 148.
All these conditions: Churchill, The Second World War, p. 507.
