The Messenger, page 51
9. Jarmin Pool (1904)
10. Emma Pool (1906)
11. Johnnie Pool (1907)
12. James Pool (1909)
13. John Pool (1912)
Elija Pool (Elijah Muhammad)
Clara Belle Evans—Quartus Evans (father), Mary Lue Thomas (mother)
(Married: March 7, 1919)
Offspring:
1. Emmanuel Muhammad (1921)
2. Ethel Muhammad (1922)
3. Lottie Muhammad (1925)
4. Nathaniel Muhammad (1926)
5. Herbert Muhammad (1929)
6. Elijah Muhammad Jr. (1931)
7. Wallace Muhammad (1933)
8. Akbar Muhammad (1939)
Elijah Muhammad’s Concubines
Elijah Muhammad and Lucille (Rosary) Karriem Muhammad
Offspring:
1. Saudi (girl) (January 17, 1960)
2. Sumayyah, aka Lishah (girl) (October 13, 1961)
3. Bahiyyah (girl) (July 7, 1964)
Elijah Muhammad and June Muhammad
Offspring:
4. Abdullah Yasin Muhammad (boy) (December 30, 1960)
5. Ayesha Muhammad (girl) (September 4, 1962)
Elijah Muhammad and Evelyn Williams
Offspring:
6. Marie Muhammad (girl) (March 30, 1960)
Elijah Muhammad and Tynetta (Nelson) Deanar Muhammad
Offspring:
7. Madia Muhammad (girl) (1963)
8. Ishmael R. Muhammad (boy) (June 21, 1964)
9. Rasul H. Muhammad (boy) (September 5, 1965)
10. Ahmed Muhammad (boy) (August 28, 1967)
Elijah Muhammad and Ola (Hughes) Muhammad
Offspring:
11. Kamal Muhammad (boy) (April 24, 1960)
Elijah Muhammad and Lovetta Muhammad
Offspring:
12. Lovlita Claybourne Muhammad (girl) (July 15, 1964)
Elijah Muhammad and Bernique Cushmeer
Offspring:
13. Neemah Cushmeer Muhammad (girl) (January 6, 1965)
APPENDIX D
LOCATIONS AND INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE NATION OF ISLAM, 1958–1959
Source: Central Intelligence Agency (According to List Shared by FBI/CIA in 1957–58)
LOCATION: Anniston, ALABAMA
Estimated Membership: 5
Minister: Chester X McNutt
Chairman: Tom X Thompson
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Moundville, ALABAMA
Estimated Membership: 30
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Los Angeles, CALIFORNIA
Estimated Membership: 72
Minister: Henry X Mims
Assistant Minister: Ray X Cook
Captain, FOI: Thomas X Huff
Secretary: Bertha X Cook
Treasurer: Leatha X Cotton
LOCATION: San Diego, CALIFORNIA
Estimated Membership: 28
Minister: Henry X Mims Assistant Minister: Unknown
Captain, FOI: Joe X Barnes
Secretary: Frank X Livingston
LOCATION: San Francisco, CALIFORNIA
Estimated Membership: 40
Minister: Robert Thomas X Ashford
Assistant Minister: Verdell Scherstein X Prince
Captain, FOI: Verdell S. X Prince
Secretary: Jessie X Miller
Treasurer: Jessie X Miller
LOCATION: Folsom Prison, CALIFORNIA
Estimated Membership: 18
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: San Quentin Prison, CALIFORNIA
Estimated Membership: 22
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Hartford, CONNECTICUT
Estimated Membership: 110
Minister: Thomas X Bridges
Assistant Minister: Edward L. X St. John
Secretaries: Alzena X St. John; Joseph A. X Link
Lieutenant, MGT: Grace X Brooks
LOCATION: Jacksonville, FLORIDA
Estimated Membership: 40
Minister: Ishmael X Knox
Assistant Minister: John Ali X Williams
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Pensacola, FLORIDA
Estimated Membership: 5
Minister: George Roy X White
Assistant Minister: Joe X Allen
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Athens, GEORGIA
Estimated Membership: 12
Minister: James Shabazz
Assistant Minister: Thomas X Bennett
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Atlanta, GEORGIA
Estimated Membership: 40
Minister: Jeremiah X Pugh
Assistant Ministers: Sidney X Walker; Thomas X Bennett
Captain, FOI: Sidney X Walker
Captain, MGT: Laura X Hardman
LOCATION: Bainbridge, GEORGIA
Estimated Membership: 6
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Savannah, GEORGIA
Estimated Membership: 2
Minister: Thomas X Bennett
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Chicago, ILLINOIS
Estimated Membership: 400–600
Minister: James X Anderson
Assistant Minister: Wallace Deen Muhammad*
Captain, FOI: Raymond Sharrieff†
Secretary: Ernest X McGhee‡
Captain, MGT: Lottie Muhammad§
LOCATION: Joliet, ILLINOIS
Estimated Membership: 65
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Gary, INDIANA
Estimated Membership: Unknown
Minister: Not Yet Appointed
LOCATION: South Bend, INDIANA
Estimated Membership: 18
Minister: Not Yet Appointed
LOCATION: Leavenworth, KANSAS
Estimated Membership: Unknown
Prison Unit of NOI
LOCATION: New Orleans, LOUISIANA
Estimated Membership: Unknown
Temple in Organizational Stage
LOCATION: Baltimore, MARYLAND
Estimated Membership: 45
Minister: Isaiah X Edwards
Captain, FOI: Carl X
Secretary: Charles X
LOCATION: Dorchester, MASSACHUSETTS
Estimated Membership: 85–100
Minister: Malcolm X Little
Assistant Minister: Louis X Walcott*
Captain, FOI: Rodney X Smith
Secretary: Carol X Harrell
LOCATION: Springfield, MASSACHUSETTS
Estimated Membership: 20
Minister: Lloyd X Williams
Assistant Minister: James X Thaxton*
Secretary: Zelma X Williams
Treasurer: Osborne X Thaxton*
LOCATION: Worcester, MASSACHUSETTS
Estimated Membership: Unknown
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Detroit, MICHIGAN
Estimated Membership: 100–175
Minister: Lemuel X Anderson
Assistant Minister: Wilfred X Little†
Captain, FOI: Harold X Goins
Captain, MGT: Gertrude X Bogans‡
LOCATION: Flint, MICHIGAN
Estimated Membership: 15–20
Minister: Norris X Storey
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Inkster, MICHIGAN
Estimated Membership: 20–30
Minister: John Muhammad§
Assistant Minister: William X Good
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Jackson State Prison, MICHIGAN
Estimated Membership: 36
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Lansing, MICHIGAN
Estimated Membership: 15–20
Minister: Philbert X Little*
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Pontiac, MICHIGAN
Estimated Membership: 5–8
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Saginaw, MICHIGAN
Estimated Membership: 5–10
Minister: Alphonso X Gadie
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: White Cloud, MICHIGAN
Estimated Membership: Unknown
(Temple Farm Located Here)
LOCATION: Minneapolis, MINNESOTA
Estimated Membership: 15
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: St. Louis, MISSOURI
Estimated Membership: 10–13
Minister: Louis X Starks
Assistant Minister: Clarence 2X Brown
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Atlantic City, NEW JERSEY
Estimated Membership: 20–30
Minister: Woodrow X Love
Captain, FOI: Joseph X Currey
LOCATION: Camden, NEW JERSEY
Estimated Membership: 28
Minister: John X Coffield
Captain, FOI: Henry X Jones
Captain, MGT: Marion X Sewell
LOCATION: Jersey City, NEW JERSEY
Estimated Membership: 30
Minister: Ulysses X Harrell
Assistant Minister: David X White
Captain, FOI: Fred X Austin
Secretary: Frances X White
LOCATION: Albany, NEW YORK
Estimated Membership: 8–10
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Buffalo, NEW YORK
Estimated Membership: 30–35
Minister: Robert X Williams
Assistant Ministers: John X Strickland; Wayman X Diggs
Secretary: Ora Lee X Mims
LOCATION: New York, NEW YORK
Estimated Membership: 350
Minister: Malcolm X Little
Assistant Ministers: Hiawatha X Brown; Curtis X Johnson
Captain, FOI: Joseph X Gravitt Jr.
Secretaries: Susie X Kenner; Gloria X Harris
LOCATION: Troy, NEW YORK
Estimated Membership: 3
Minister: Frances X Jenkins Jr.
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Durham, NORTH CAROLINA
Estimated Membership: 7
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Wilmington, NORTH CAROLINA
Estimated Membership: 2
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Cincinnati, OHIO
Estimated Membership: 62
Minister: Lemuel X Hassan Anderson
Assistant Minister: Eddie X Davis
Captain, FOI: William X Haynes
Secretary: Howard X Montgomery
Captain, MGT: Dorothy X Haynes
LOCATION: Cleveland, OHIO
Estimated Membership: 25–40
Minister: Theodore X Bost
Captain, FOI: John 2X Underwood
Secretary: Julius X Mahone
LOCATION: Dayton, OHIO
Estimated Membership: 12
Minister: Lemuel X Hassan Anderson
Assistant Minister: Lucian X Carey
Captain, FOI: James X Sloan
LOCATION: Youngstown, OHIO
Estimated Membership: 30–45
Minister: Louis X Powell
Assistant Minister: King X Davenport
Secretary: Joyce X Powell
LOCATION: Beaver Falls, PENNSYLVANIA
Estimated Membership: Unknown
Officials Unknown: Temple in Formation Stage
LOCATION: Philadelphia, PENNSYLVANIA
Estimated Membership: 145
Minister: Malcolm X Little
Assistant Minister: George X Paden
Captain, FOI: Clifford X Hyman
Treasurer: Almeta X Paden
LOCATION: Pittsburgh, PENNSYLVANIA
Estimated Membership: 75–100
Minister: Robert X Davenport
Secretary: Dorothy X Davenport
LOCATION: Lancaster, SOUTH CAROLINA
Estimated Membership: 4
Minister: Benjamin X Mitchell
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Orangeburg, SOUTH CAROLINA
Estimated Membership: 30
Minister: Lucius X Brown
Assistant Minister: Leonard X Buskey
LOCATION: Dallas, TEXAS
Estimated Membership: 6
Minister: Clayborn X Johnson
Assistant Minister: Willie Bert X Thomkins
LOCATION: Fort Worth, TEXAS
Estimated Membership: 15
Minister: Clayborn X Johnson
Captain, FOI: Columbus X Martin
Secretary: Earline X Martin
LOCATION: Houston, TEXAS
Estimated Membership: 7
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: WASHINGTON, D.C.
Estimated Membership: 500
Minister: Lucius X Brown
Assistant Minister: Hilliard X Pryor
Secretary: Willa Mae X Norris
LOCATION: Milwaukee, WISCONSIN
Estimated Membership: 100
Minister: Bernard X Donahue
Assistant Minister: Walter X Perkins
Captain, FOI: Henry X Allen
Secretary: Joshua X Inge
LOCATION: Alexandria, VIRGINIA
Estimated Membership: Unknown
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Lynchburg, VIRGINIA
Estimated Membership: 9
Minister: Richard X Wortham
Treasurer: Gertrude X Mosby
Secretary: Jean X Vaughn
LOCATION: Richmond, VIRGINIA
Estimated Membership: 10
Officials Unknown
* Wallace Deen Muhammad (Chicago) is the son of Elijah Muhammad.
† Raymond Sharrieff (Chicago) is the son-in-law of Elijah Muhammad.
‡ Ernest X McGhee (Chicago) left the NOI in 1960. He changed his name to Hamaas Abdul Khaalis and formed a Hanafi Muslim sect in Washington, D.C. He is currently serving a life sentence for his role in a hostage-taking incident in 1977 which resulted in the death of a reporter.
§ Lottie Muhammad is the daughter of Elijah Muhammad.
* Louis X Walcott (Dorchester, Boston) is now known as Louis Farrakhan, and heads his own Islamic group, also called the Nation of Islam.
* Osborne X Thaxton and James X Thaxton (Springfield, Massachusetts) were brothers who served time in prison with Malcolm X.
† Wilfred X Little (Detroit) was the oldest brother of Malcolm X. He died May 19, 1998 (coincidentally, on what would have been Malcolm’s 73rd birthday)
‡ Gertrude X Bogans is Elijah Muhammad’s sister-in-law.
§ John Muhammad (Inkster, Michigan) is the youngest brother of Elijah Muhammad.
* Philbert X Little (Lansing, Michigan) was the brother of Malcolm X. He died in 1995.
APPENDIX E
Author’s Note: In the early 1960s, Elijah Muhammad distilled the philosophy and goals of the NOI down to about two dozen simple principles and beliefs. These principles and beliefs appeared each week on the back page of Muhammad Speaks.
THE MUSLIM PROGRAM
I. What the Muslims Want
This is the question asked most frequently by both the whites and the Blacks. The answers to this question I shall state as simply as possible.
1. We want freedom. We want full and complete freedom.
2. We want justice. Equal justice under the law. We want justice applied equally to all, regardless of creed or class or color.
3. We want equality of opportunity. We want equal membership in society with the best in civilized society.
4. We want our people in America whose parents or grandparents were descended from slaves to be allowed to establish a separate state or territory of their own—either on this continent or elsewhere. We believe that our former slave masters are obligated to provide such land and that the area must be fertile and minerally rich. We believe that our former slave masters are obligated to maintain and supply our needs in this separate territory for the next 20 to 25 years—until we are able to produce and supply our own needs.
Since we cannot get along with them in peace and equality, after giving them 400 years of our sweat and blood and receiving in return some of the worst treatment human beings have ever experienced, we believe our contributions to this land and the suffering forced upon us by white America, justifies our demand for complete separation in a state of territory of our own.
5. We want freedom for all Believers of Islam now held in federal prisons. We want freedom for all Black men and women now under death sentence in innumerable prisons in the North as well as the South.
We want every Black man and woman to have the freedom to accept or reject being separated from the slave master’s children and establish a land of their own.
We know that the above plan for the solution of the Black and white conflict is the best and only answer to the problem between two peoples.
6. We want an immediate end to the police brutality and mob attacks against the so-called Negro throughout the United States.
We believe that the federal government should intercede to see that Black men and women tried in white courts receive justice in accordance with the laws of the land—or allow us to build a new nation for ourselves, dedicated to justice, freedom and liberty.
7. As long as we are not allowed to establish a state or territory of our own, we demand not only equal justice under the laws of the United States, but equal employment opportunities—NOW!
We do not believe that after 400 years of free or nearly free labor, sweat and blood, which has helped America become rich and powerful, that so many thousands of Black people should have to subsist on relief, charity or live in poor houses.
8. We want the government of the United States to exempt our people from all taxation as long as we are deprived of equal justice under the laws of the land.
9. We want equal education—but separate schools up to 16 for boys and 18 for girls on the condition that the girls be sent to women’s colleges and universities. We want all Black children educated and trained by their own teachers.
Under such a school system we believe we will make a better nation of people. The United States government should provide, free, all necessary text books and equipment, schools, and college buildings. The Muslim teachers shall be left free to teach and train their people in the way of righteousness, decency and self-respect.
10. We believe that intermarriage or race mixing should be prohibited. We want the religion of Islam taught without hindrance or suppression.
These are some of the things that we, the Muslims, want for our people in North America.
II. What the Muslims Believe
1. We believe in the One God Whose proper Name is Allah.
2. We believe in the Holy Quran and in the Scriptures of all the Prophets of God.
3. We believe in the truth of the Bible, but we believe that it has been tampered with and must be reinterpreted so that mankind will not be snared by the falsehoods that have been added to it.
10. Emma Pool (1906)
11. Johnnie Pool (1907)
12. James Pool (1909)
13. John Pool (1912)
Elija Pool (Elijah Muhammad)
Clara Belle Evans—Quartus Evans (father), Mary Lue Thomas (mother)
(Married: March 7, 1919)
Offspring:
1. Emmanuel Muhammad (1921)
2. Ethel Muhammad (1922)
3. Lottie Muhammad (1925)
4. Nathaniel Muhammad (1926)
5. Herbert Muhammad (1929)
6. Elijah Muhammad Jr. (1931)
7. Wallace Muhammad (1933)
8. Akbar Muhammad (1939)
Elijah Muhammad’s Concubines
Elijah Muhammad and Lucille (Rosary) Karriem Muhammad
Offspring:
1. Saudi (girl) (January 17, 1960)
2. Sumayyah, aka Lishah (girl) (October 13, 1961)
3. Bahiyyah (girl) (July 7, 1964)
Elijah Muhammad and June Muhammad
Offspring:
4. Abdullah Yasin Muhammad (boy) (December 30, 1960)
5. Ayesha Muhammad (girl) (September 4, 1962)
Elijah Muhammad and Evelyn Williams
Offspring:
6. Marie Muhammad (girl) (March 30, 1960)
Elijah Muhammad and Tynetta (Nelson) Deanar Muhammad
Offspring:
7. Madia Muhammad (girl) (1963)
8. Ishmael R. Muhammad (boy) (June 21, 1964)
9. Rasul H. Muhammad (boy) (September 5, 1965)
10. Ahmed Muhammad (boy) (August 28, 1967)
Elijah Muhammad and Ola (Hughes) Muhammad
Offspring:
11. Kamal Muhammad (boy) (April 24, 1960)
Elijah Muhammad and Lovetta Muhammad
Offspring:
12. Lovlita Claybourne Muhammad (girl) (July 15, 1964)
Elijah Muhammad and Bernique Cushmeer
Offspring:
13. Neemah Cushmeer Muhammad (girl) (January 6, 1965)
APPENDIX D
LOCATIONS AND INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE NATION OF ISLAM, 1958–1959
Source: Central Intelligence Agency (According to List Shared by FBI/CIA in 1957–58)
LOCATION: Anniston, ALABAMA
Estimated Membership: 5
Minister: Chester X McNutt
Chairman: Tom X Thompson
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Moundville, ALABAMA
Estimated Membership: 30
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Los Angeles, CALIFORNIA
Estimated Membership: 72
Minister: Henry X Mims
Assistant Minister: Ray X Cook
Captain, FOI: Thomas X Huff
Secretary: Bertha X Cook
Treasurer: Leatha X Cotton
LOCATION: San Diego, CALIFORNIA
Estimated Membership: 28
Minister: Henry X Mims Assistant Minister: Unknown
Captain, FOI: Joe X Barnes
Secretary: Frank X Livingston
LOCATION: San Francisco, CALIFORNIA
Estimated Membership: 40
Minister: Robert Thomas X Ashford
Assistant Minister: Verdell Scherstein X Prince
Captain, FOI: Verdell S. X Prince
Secretary: Jessie X Miller
Treasurer: Jessie X Miller
LOCATION: Folsom Prison, CALIFORNIA
Estimated Membership: 18
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: San Quentin Prison, CALIFORNIA
Estimated Membership: 22
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Hartford, CONNECTICUT
Estimated Membership: 110
Minister: Thomas X Bridges
Assistant Minister: Edward L. X St. John
Secretaries: Alzena X St. John; Joseph A. X Link
Lieutenant, MGT: Grace X Brooks
LOCATION: Jacksonville, FLORIDA
Estimated Membership: 40
Minister: Ishmael X Knox
Assistant Minister: John Ali X Williams
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Pensacola, FLORIDA
Estimated Membership: 5
Minister: George Roy X White
Assistant Minister: Joe X Allen
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Athens, GEORGIA
Estimated Membership: 12
Minister: James Shabazz
Assistant Minister: Thomas X Bennett
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Atlanta, GEORGIA
Estimated Membership: 40
Minister: Jeremiah X Pugh
Assistant Ministers: Sidney X Walker; Thomas X Bennett
Captain, FOI: Sidney X Walker
Captain, MGT: Laura X Hardman
LOCATION: Bainbridge, GEORGIA
Estimated Membership: 6
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Savannah, GEORGIA
Estimated Membership: 2
Minister: Thomas X Bennett
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Chicago, ILLINOIS
Estimated Membership: 400–600
Minister: James X Anderson
Assistant Minister: Wallace Deen Muhammad*
Captain, FOI: Raymond Sharrieff†
Secretary: Ernest X McGhee‡
Captain, MGT: Lottie Muhammad§
LOCATION: Joliet, ILLINOIS
Estimated Membership: 65
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Gary, INDIANA
Estimated Membership: Unknown
Minister: Not Yet Appointed
LOCATION: South Bend, INDIANA
Estimated Membership: 18
Minister: Not Yet Appointed
LOCATION: Leavenworth, KANSAS
Estimated Membership: Unknown
Prison Unit of NOI
LOCATION: New Orleans, LOUISIANA
Estimated Membership: Unknown
Temple in Organizational Stage
LOCATION: Baltimore, MARYLAND
Estimated Membership: 45
Minister: Isaiah X Edwards
Captain, FOI: Carl X
Secretary: Charles X
LOCATION: Dorchester, MASSACHUSETTS
Estimated Membership: 85–100
Minister: Malcolm X Little
Assistant Minister: Louis X Walcott*
Captain, FOI: Rodney X Smith
Secretary: Carol X Harrell
LOCATION: Springfield, MASSACHUSETTS
Estimated Membership: 20
Minister: Lloyd X Williams
Assistant Minister: James X Thaxton*
Secretary: Zelma X Williams
Treasurer: Osborne X Thaxton*
LOCATION: Worcester, MASSACHUSETTS
Estimated Membership: Unknown
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Detroit, MICHIGAN
Estimated Membership: 100–175
Minister: Lemuel X Anderson
Assistant Minister: Wilfred X Little†
Captain, FOI: Harold X Goins
Captain, MGT: Gertrude X Bogans‡
LOCATION: Flint, MICHIGAN
Estimated Membership: 15–20
Minister: Norris X Storey
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Inkster, MICHIGAN
Estimated Membership: 20–30
Minister: John Muhammad§
Assistant Minister: William X Good
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Jackson State Prison, MICHIGAN
Estimated Membership: 36
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Lansing, MICHIGAN
Estimated Membership: 15–20
Minister: Philbert X Little*
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Pontiac, MICHIGAN
Estimated Membership: 5–8
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Saginaw, MICHIGAN
Estimated Membership: 5–10
Minister: Alphonso X Gadie
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: White Cloud, MICHIGAN
Estimated Membership: Unknown
(Temple Farm Located Here)
LOCATION: Minneapolis, MINNESOTA
Estimated Membership: 15
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: St. Louis, MISSOURI
Estimated Membership: 10–13
Minister: Louis X Starks
Assistant Minister: Clarence 2X Brown
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Atlantic City, NEW JERSEY
Estimated Membership: 20–30
Minister: Woodrow X Love
Captain, FOI: Joseph X Currey
LOCATION: Camden, NEW JERSEY
Estimated Membership: 28
Minister: John X Coffield
Captain, FOI: Henry X Jones
Captain, MGT: Marion X Sewell
LOCATION: Jersey City, NEW JERSEY
Estimated Membership: 30
Minister: Ulysses X Harrell
Assistant Minister: David X White
Captain, FOI: Fred X Austin
Secretary: Frances X White
LOCATION: Albany, NEW YORK
Estimated Membership: 8–10
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Buffalo, NEW YORK
Estimated Membership: 30–35
Minister: Robert X Williams
Assistant Ministers: John X Strickland; Wayman X Diggs
Secretary: Ora Lee X Mims
LOCATION: New York, NEW YORK
Estimated Membership: 350
Minister: Malcolm X Little
Assistant Ministers: Hiawatha X Brown; Curtis X Johnson
Captain, FOI: Joseph X Gravitt Jr.
Secretaries: Susie X Kenner; Gloria X Harris
LOCATION: Troy, NEW YORK
Estimated Membership: 3
Minister: Frances X Jenkins Jr.
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Durham, NORTH CAROLINA
Estimated Membership: 7
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Wilmington, NORTH CAROLINA
Estimated Membership: 2
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Cincinnati, OHIO
Estimated Membership: 62
Minister: Lemuel X Hassan Anderson
Assistant Minister: Eddie X Davis
Captain, FOI: William X Haynes
Secretary: Howard X Montgomery
Captain, MGT: Dorothy X Haynes
LOCATION: Cleveland, OHIO
Estimated Membership: 25–40
Minister: Theodore X Bost
Captain, FOI: John 2X Underwood
Secretary: Julius X Mahone
LOCATION: Dayton, OHIO
Estimated Membership: 12
Minister: Lemuel X Hassan Anderson
Assistant Minister: Lucian X Carey
Captain, FOI: James X Sloan
LOCATION: Youngstown, OHIO
Estimated Membership: 30–45
Minister: Louis X Powell
Assistant Minister: King X Davenport
Secretary: Joyce X Powell
LOCATION: Beaver Falls, PENNSYLVANIA
Estimated Membership: Unknown
Officials Unknown: Temple in Formation Stage
LOCATION: Philadelphia, PENNSYLVANIA
Estimated Membership: 145
Minister: Malcolm X Little
Assistant Minister: George X Paden
Captain, FOI: Clifford X Hyman
Treasurer: Almeta X Paden
LOCATION: Pittsburgh, PENNSYLVANIA
Estimated Membership: 75–100
Minister: Robert X Davenport
Secretary: Dorothy X Davenport
LOCATION: Lancaster, SOUTH CAROLINA
Estimated Membership: 4
Minister: Benjamin X Mitchell
Other Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Orangeburg, SOUTH CAROLINA
Estimated Membership: 30
Minister: Lucius X Brown
Assistant Minister: Leonard X Buskey
LOCATION: Dallas, TEXAS
Estimated Membership: 6
Minister: Clayborn X Johnson
Assistant Minister: Willie Bert X Thomkins
LOCATION: Fort Worth, TEXAS
Estimated Membership: 15
Minister: Clayborn X Johnson
Captain, FOI: Columbus X Martin
Secretary: Earline X Martin
LOCATION: Houston, TEXAS
Estimated Membership: 7
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: WASHINGTON, D.C.
Estimated Membership: 500
Minister: Lucius X Brown
Assistant Minister: Hilliard X Pryor
Secretary: Willa Mae X Norris
LOCATION: Milwaukee, WISCONSIN
Estimated Membership: 100
Minister: Bernard X Donahue
Assistant Minister: Walter X Perkins
Captain, FOI: Henry X Allen
Secretary: Joshua X Inge
LOCATION: Alexandria, VIRGINIA
Estimated Membership: Unknown
Officials Unknown
LOCATION: Lynchburg, VIRGINIA
Estimated Membership: 9
Minister: Richard X Wortham
Treasurer: Gertrude X Mosby
Secretary: Jean X Vaughn
LOCATION: Richmond, VIRGINIA
Estimated Membership: 10
Officials Unknown
* Wallace Deen Muhammad (Chicago) is the son of Elijah Muhammad.
† Raymond Sharrieff (Chicago) is the son-in-law of Elijah Muhammad.
‡ Ernest X McGhee (Chicago) left the NOI in 1960. He changed his name to Hamaas Abdul Khaalis and formed a Hanafi Muslim sect in Washington, D.C. He is currently serving a life sentence for his role in a hostage-taking incident in 1977 which resulted in the death of a reporter.
§ Lottie Muhammad is the daughter of Elijah Muhammad.
* Louis X Walcott (Dorchester, Boston) is now known as Louis Farrakhan, and heads his own Islamic group, also called the Nation of Islam.
* Osborne X Thaxton and James X Thaxton (Springfield, Massachusetts) were brothers who served time in prison with Malcolm X.
† Wilfred X Little (Detroit) was the oldest brother of Malcolm X. He died May 19, 1998 (coincidentally, on what would have been Malcolm’s 73rd birthday)
‡ Gertrude X Bogans is Elijah Muhammad’s sister-in-law.
§ John Muhammad (Inkster, Michigan) is the youngest brother of Elijah Muhammad.
* Philbert X Little (Lansing, Michigan) was the brother of Malcolm X. He died in 1995.
APPENDIX E
Author’s Note: In the early 1960s, Elijah Muhammad distilled the philosophy and goals of the NOI down to about two dozen simple principles and beliefs. These principles and beliefs appeared each week on the back page of Muhammad Speaks.
THE MUSLIM PROGRAM
I. What the Muslims Want
This is the question asked most frequently by both the whites and the Blacks. The answers to this question I shall state as simply as possible.
1. We want freedom. We want full and complete freedom.
2. We want justice. Equal justice under the law. We want justice applied equally to all, regardless of creed or class or color.
3. We want equality of opportunity. We want equal membership in society with the best in civilized society.
4. We want our people in America whose parents or grandparents were descended from slaves to be allowed to establish a separate state or territory of their own—either on this continent or elsewhere. We believe that our former slave masters are obligated to provide such land and that the area must be fertile and minerally rich. We believe that our former slave masters are obligated to maintain and supply our needs in this separate territory for the next 20 to 25 years—until we are able to produce and supply our own needs.
Since we cannot get along with them in peace and equality, after giving them 400 years of our sweat and blood and receiving in return some of the worst treatment human beings have ever experienced, we believe our contributions to this land and the suffering forced upon us by white America, justifies our demand for complete separation in a state of territory of our own.
5. We want freedom for all Believers of Islam now held in federal prisons. We want freedom for all Black men and women now under death sentence in innumerable prisons in the North as well as the South.
We want every Black man and woman to have the freedom to accept or reject being separated from the slave master’s children and establish a land of their own.
We know that the above plan for the solution of the Black and white conflict is the best and only answer to the problem between two peoples.
6. We want an immediate end to the police brutality and mob attacks against the so-called Negro throughout the United States.
We believe that the federal government should intercede to see that Black men and women tried in white courts receive justice in accordance with the laws of the land—or allow us to build a new nation for ourselves, dedicated to justice, freedom and liberty.
7. As long as we are not allowed to establish a state or territory of our own, we demand not only equal justice under the laws of the United States, but equal employment opportunities—NOW!
We do not believe that after 400 years of free or nearly free labor, sweat and blood, which has helped America become rich and powerful, that so many thousands of Black people should have to subsist on relief, charity or live in poor houses.
8. We want the government of the United States to exempt our people from all taxation as long as we are deprived of equal justice under the laws of the land.
9. We want equal education—but separate schools up to 16 for boys and 18 for girls on the condition that the girls be sent to women’s colleges and universities. We want all Black children educated and trained by their own teachers.
Under such a school system we believe we will make a better nation of people. The United States government should provide, free, all necessary text books and equipment, schools, and college buildings. The Muslim teachers shall be left free to teach and train their people in the way of righteousness, decency and self-respect.
10. We believe that intermarriage or race mixing should be prohibited. We want the religion of Islam taught without hindrance or suppression.
These are some of the things that we, the Muslims, want for our people in North America.
II. What the Muslims Believe
1. We believe in the One God Whose proper Name is Allah.
2. We believe in the Holy Quran and in the Scriptures of all the Prophets of God.
3. We believe in the truth of the Bible, but we believe that it has been tampered with and must be reinterpreted so that mankind will not be snared by the falsehoods that have been added to it.
