The Quiet Before, page 34
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“Manifestos frequently overcompensate” Martin Puchner, Poetry of the Revolution: Marx, Manifestos, and the Avant-Gardes (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2006), 5.
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“Let us hasten” “Against Passéist Venice,” in Rainey, Poggi, and Wittman, Futurism, 67.
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“you should throw” F. T. Marinetti, Critical Writings, ed. Günter Berghaus (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006), 168.
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Offering some advice Marjorie Perloff, The Futurist Moment: Avant-Garde, Avant-Guerre, and the Language of Rupture (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986), 81.
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“as the divine reservoir” F. T. Marinetti, Let’s Murder the Moonshine: Selected Writing, ed. R. W. Flint (Los Angeles: Sun & Moon Press, 1991), 80.
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“I am in the throes” Loy to Mabel Dodge Luhan, Feb. 1914, Dodge Luhan Papers, box 24, folder 664, YCL MSS 196.
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“his tactile adroitness” Mina Loy, “First Costa Visit,” in “Brontolivido,” Mina Loy Papers, box 1, folder 2, YCAL MSS 6, Yale University Library.
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“some terrible Golem” “Esau Penfeld,” Loy Papers, box 5, folder 134, YCAL MSS 6.
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What immediately stands out Mina Loy, “Aphorisms on Futurism,” in The Lost Lunar Baedeker: Poems of Mina Loy, ed. Roger L. Conover (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1996), 149.
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“Humanity is mediocre” “Manifesto of the Futurist Woman,” in Rainey, Poggi, and Wittman, Futurism, 109.
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“What happens to all” Marshall Berman, All That Is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity (New York: Verso, 1982), 25.
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“His mass of curly” Mina Loy, “Notes on Johannes and Geronimo,” in “Brontolivido,” Loy Papers, box 1, folder 6, YCAL MSS 6.
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Papini’s memoir Giovanni Papini, The Failure (Un uomo finito), trans. Virginia Pope (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1924).
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“the sketch over the composition” Quoted in Walter L. Adamson, Avant-Garde Florence: From Modernism to Fascism (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993), 168.
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In a poem Mina Loy, “Songs to Joannes,” in Lost Lunar Baedeker, 53–70.
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“His proximity was” Loy, “First Costa Visit.”
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“Women must disappear” Giovanni Papini, “Il massacro delle donne,” Lacerba, April 1, 1914, quoted in Adamson, Avant-Garde Florence, 178.
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“it is a physical commotion” Mina Loy, “Rome,” in “Brontolivido,” Loy Papers, box 1, folder 7, YCAL MSS 6.
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“He had said” Ibid.
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“dancing and singing” Marinetti, Critical Writings, 208.
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“apocalyptic transition” Robert Wohl, The Generation of 1914 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1979), 169.
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“blood is the wine” Giovanni Papini, “La vita non è sacra,” Lacerba, Oct. 15, 1913.
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“Only war knows” F. T. Marinetti, Futurismo e fascismo (Foligno: Campitelli, 1924), 96–97, quoted in Wohl, Generation of 1914, 169.
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“invigorating wine” Giovanni Papini, “Il dovere dell’Italia,” Lacerba, Aug. 15, 1914.
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In a new sort of manifesto “Futurist Synthesis of War,” in Rainey, Poggi, and Wittman, Futurism, 363.
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“While round the hotel” Mina Loy, “Italian Pictures,” in Lost Lunar Baedeker, 9.
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“These weights thicknesses” F. T. Marinetti, Zang Tumb Tuuum (Milan: Edizione Futuriste de “Poesia,” 1914), 5.
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“as a volunteer” Marinetti to Soffici, n.d., in Archivi del futurismo, ed. Maria Drudi Gambillo and Teresa Fiori (Rome: De Luca, 1962), 2:344–45, quoted in Selena Daly, Italian Futurism and the First World War (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016), 18.
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“You’ve got a wonderful brain” Mina Loy, “Vallombrosa,” in “Brontolivido,” Loy Papers, box 1, folder 9, YCAL MSS 6.
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“a manifesto writing painter” G. C. Cook, The Chicago Evening Post, Sept. 25, 1914, 7.
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“has interested herself” Carl Van Vechten, The Trend, Nov. 1914, 101.
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“in no way considered” Loy to Carl Van Vechten, n.d., Van Vechten Papers, box 76, YCL MSS 1050.
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“tight-fitting, colourless” “Futurist Men’s Clothing: A Manifesto,” in Rainey, Poggi, and Wittman, Futurism, 194.
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He got more specific “The Antineutral Suit: A Manifesto,” in Rainey, Poggi, and Wittman, Futurism, 202.
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“to influence the Italian” “The Futurist Synthetic Theater,” in Rainey, Poggi, and Wittman, Futurism, 204.
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“Futurist Reconstruction of the Universe,” ibid., 209.
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“the Brute” Loy to Mabel Dodge Luhan, 1914, Dodge Luhan Papers, box 24, folder 664, YCL MSS 196.
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“his recent actions” Ialongo, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, 55.
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“We want to act” Wohl, Generation of 1914, 172.
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“he’s getting fat” Loy to Mabel Dodge Luhan, 1914, Dodge Luhan Papers, box 24, folder 664, YCL MSS 196.
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“as a mother” Marinetti, Let’s Murder the Moonshine, 80.
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“The Feminist movement” Mina Loy, “Feminist Manifesto,” in Lost Lunar Baedeker, 153–56.
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“juvenile, crowd-pleasing” Aldo Palazzeschi, Giovanni Papini, and Ardengo Soffici, “Futurismo e Marinettismo,” Lacerba, Feb. 14, 1915.
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“Don’t ever live” Loy to Mabel Dodge Luhan, ca. 1914, Dodge Luhan Papers, box 24, folder 664, YCL MSS 196.
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“The future has ceased” Loy to Carl Van Vechten, n.d., Van Vechten Papers, box 76, YCL MSS 1050.
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“You have no idea” Ibid.
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“What I feel now” Ibid.
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Chapter 4: Debate—Accra, 1935
“On general principle” Public Record Office, Colonial Office 96/714/6, Bills for Newspapers, Books, and Printing Presses Ordinance, Criminal Code (Amendment) Ordinance, Control of Imported Books, “Memo Signed Arthur Grey Hazlerigg,” Feb. 26, 1934, quoted in Stephanie Newell, The Power to Name: A History of Anonymity in Colonial West Africa (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2013), 65.
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An issue like polygamy L. H. Ofuso-Appiah, The Life and Times of J. B. Danquah (Accra: Waterville Publishing House, 1974).
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“A greater measure” “Memo Signed Arthur Grey Hazlerigg,” Feb. 26, 1934, quoted in Newell, Power to Name, 11.
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“There is not a single editor” Public Record Office, Colonial Office 96/716/15, Control of the Press of the Gold Coast: Newspapers, Books, and Printing Presses Ordinance, 1934 (closed until 1985), “Memorandum by the Inspector General of Police [Henry W. M. Bamford] Regarding the Draft Bill (44a) Cited as the Newspapers, Books, and Printing Presses Ordinance, 1934,” n.d., quoted in Newell, Power to Name, 12.
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“It is the illiterates” Public Record Office, Colonial Office 96/714/6, Bills for Newspapers, Books, and Printing Presses Ordinance, Criminal Code (Amendment) Ordinance, Control of Imported Books, “Message from Shenton Thomas to Alex Fiddian,” Feb. 2, 1934, quoted in Newell, Power to Name, 67.
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“could hardly be described” Public Record Office, Colonial Office 96/716/15, Control of the Press of the Gold Coast: Newspapers, Books, and Printing Presses Ordinance, 1934 (closed until 1985), “Extract from a Note of a Meeting at the Colonial Office,” June 14, 1934, quoted in Newell, Power to Name, 77.
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“a harmless organ” The text of a petition opposing the law, Public Record Office, Colonial Office 96/714/6, 16, Bills for Newspapers, Books, and Printing Presses Ordinance, Criminal Code (Amendment) Ordinance, Control of Imported Books, “Letter from James A. Busum to the Secretary of State for the Colonies,” Feb. 16, 1934, quoted in Newell, Power to Name, 32.
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“a dangerous man” Stanley Shaloff, “Press Controls and Sedition Proceedings in the Gold Coast, 1933–39,” African Affairs 71, no. 284 (July 1972): 250.
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The delegation was treated J. B. Danquah, “The Gold Coast and Ashanti Delegation: A Gesture and a Lesson,” Keys: The Official Organ of the League of Colored People, Oct.–Dec. 1934, 23–26.
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“I shall dedicate my life” Nnamdi Azikiwe, My Odyssey: An Autobiography (New York: Praeger, 1970), 174.
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It told the story Ibid., 40.
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“Friendless, dejected” Ibid., 100.
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“I am returning” Ibid., 162.
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“I whispered to myself” Ibid., 217.
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“masters” Ibid.
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“Independent in all things” Vincent C. Ikeotuonye, Zik of New Africa (New York: P. R. Macmillan, 1961), 121.
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“tiny and cluttered” Richard Wright, Black Power (New York: Harper, 1954), 186.
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“We shall be happy” The African Morning Post, July 7, 1938, 3.
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“be yourself” The Gold Coast Leader, July 5, 1902, 4.
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“must consist of Africans” J.A.B. Jones-Quartey, A Life of Azikiwe (New York: Penguin, 1965), 116–24.
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“let down the African” The African Morning Post, Oct. 4, 1937.
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“I must say” The African Morning Post, Oct. 5, 1937.
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“indefinitely stretchable nets of kinship” Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (New York: Verso, 1983), 6.
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“These fellow-readers” Ibid., 44.
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A typical issue The African Morning Post, June 4, 1935.
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Her elitist sensibilities Mabel Dove, Selected Writings of a Pioneer West African Feminist, ed. Stephanie Newell and Audrey Gadzekpo (Nottingham, U.K.: Trent, 2004).
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“If an Indian lady” Marjorie Mensah, “Ladies’ Corner,” The Times of West Africa, Nov. 3, 1934, 2.
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The initial vote was no The Times of West Africa, April 24, 1931, 1.
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“the diction and firm grip” Asuana Quartey, letter to the editor, The Times of West Africa, April 21, 1931.
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“What do you think” Marjorie Mensah, “Ladies’ Corner,” The Times of West Africa, April 27, 1931.
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The controversy was so intriguing Jinny Kathleen Prais, “Imperial Travelers: The Formation of West African Urban Culture, Identity, and Citizenship in London and Accra, 1925–1935” (PhD diss., University of Michigan, 2008), 291.
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“Is the Gold Coast a Nation?” The African Morning Post, Jan. 29, 1938.
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“ill at ease” Jones-Quartey, Life of Azikiwe, 129.
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“must be destroyed” Ikeotuonye, Zik of New Africa, 134.
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“We have heard” Nnamdi Azikiwe, Renascent Africa (Accra: the author, 1937), 21.
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It left wide open Legislative Council Debates, March 21, 1934, quoted in Shaloff, “Press Controls and Sedition Proceedings in the Gold Coast,” 246.
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“It is well known” Public Record Office, Colonial Office 96/716/15, Control of the Press of the Gold Coast: Newspapers, Books, and Printing Presses Ordinance, 1934 (closed until 1985), “Memo from Arnold Hodson, Government House, Accra, to the Rt. Hon. Sir Philip Cunliffe-Lister, Secretary of State for the Colonies,” Nov. 29, 1934, quoted in Newell, Power to Name, 65.
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the governor handed him Azikiwe, My Odyssey, 282.
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“Do the Europeans” The African Morning Post, May 15, 1936.
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“in the art of subversive” Shaloff, “Press Controls and Sedition Proceedings in the Gold Coast,” 245.
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“intellectual revolution” Azikiwe, My Odyssey, 219.
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“absolute power to suppress” Public Record Office, Colonial Office 96/729/31205/1936, Hodson to Cunliffe-Lister, Feb. 12, 1936, quoted in Shaloff, “Press Controls and Sedition Proceedings in the Gold Coast,” 255.
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“the French would not tolerate” Public Record Office, Colonial Office 96/731/31230/1937, Extract of Hodson to Bottomley, Jan. 14, 1936, quoted in Shaloff, “Press Controls and Sedition Proceedings in the Gold Coast,” 256.
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“Are you Mr. Nnamdi Azikiwe?” Azikiwe, My Odyssey, 267.
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“It is a very serious offense” Ibid., 270.
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“for the inevitable” Ibid.
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“living spirit of an idea” Zik: A Selection from the Speeches of Nnamdi Azikiwe (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1961), 57.
