Facing the Mountain (Adapted for Young Readers), page 16
D-Day, 121
discrimination
anti-Asian laws, 37–38
in barbershop, 159
common experiences with, 84
curfews, 44–45, 49, 63
by employers, 80, 198
exclusion of Japanese Americans from draft, 64
exclusion zone and Executive Order 9066, 33–34, 49, 63
following Pearl Harbor attack, 14–15, 18, 23
Gordon’s efforts to fight, 110, 112
in Hawaiʻi Territorial Guard, 24–25
in nursing programs, 166
oath-of-allegiance requirements, 110
in restaurants, 81–82
and Shiosaki family, 17
Supreme Court decision justifying, 82
draft. See Selective Service and the draft
* * *
★ ★ ★ ★
E
Edwards, Webley, 4
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 136
employment, discrimination in, 80, 198
enemy aliens classification, 32, 65–66, 90
Erbs, Josef, 184
exclusion orders and exclusion zone
dismantling of, 166
establishment of, 34
Executive Order 9066, 33–34, 63
and Gordon’s court case, 49–50, 63
Issei families outside of, 64
as violation of rights, 63
* * *
★ ★ ★ ★
F
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Gordon’s surrender to, 47–48
incarceration of Issei men, 9, 21, 21, 34
and military service of Japanese Americans, 65
and Tokiwa’s WWI uniform, 30–31
522nd Field Artillery Battalion
and Dachau concentration camp, 183, 184
first day in combat, 125, 128
in Germany, 170, 179–185
in Italy, 118
and Lost Battalion rescue, 147
in Vosges of France, 138
Fort Douglas, 76
Fort Missoula, 101–103
Fort Sill, 34–35
442nd Regimental Combat Team (RCT)
basic training, 96–97, 103
bonding of soldiers in, 105–107, 133, 134
at Camp Shelby, 86–92, 90, 93–94, 95–100, 103, 104–107
chaplains of, 97–98, 133
criticisms of Nisei serving in, 94–95
at Dachau concentration camp, 181–184
and end of the war, 194
and enlistments, 67, 68–70, 70
establishment of, 66–67, 73
fighting and social tensions in, 87–89, 94, 95, 97–100
first day in combat, 125–129
foraging for food, 180
in France, 136–143, 138, 144–155, 153, 160, 171
at French-Italian border, 168–169
in Germany, 171–178
and Germany’s surrender, 187–188
honors won by, 162, 202
in Italy, 118, 119, 120–124, 129–130, 132–133, 171–178, 172
language differences in, 87–88
and Lei Day, 108
living conditions for, 123
and Lost Battalion rescue, 142, 144–155, 146, 156–158, 160–162, 161, 169
loyalty to US, 106
officers leading, 95–96, 156, 161 (see also Pence, Charles Wilbur)
and 100th Infantry Battalion, 93–94, 96, 122–123
recruiting soldiers for, 73–76
reputation for proficiency, 105, 136, 171
return to Hawaiʻi, 192–193, 193
reviews of, 97, 199
and 36th Infantry Division, 137
transport to Europe, 116–117
See also casualties of 442nd RCT
France, 136–143
French Resistance, 140
Fujii, Roy, 117, 125, 197
* * *
★ ★ ★ ★
G
Ganor, Solly, 185
Germany
concentration camps of, vii, 181–185
death and destruction in, 181
death march in, 182, 184–185
final assault on, 170, 171–178, 179–185
German prisoners of war, 103–104, 137
surrender of, 186–189
wounded Germans, 141–143
Goodman, Louis E., 114–115
Goto, George, 88
Guy, Edward, 157
* * *
★ ★ ★ ★
H
Hajiro, Barney, 153
Hale, Andy, 159
Hawaiʻi
attack on Pearl Harbor, 1–6, 3, 5, 8
expectations of invasion, 22
and Hawaiʻi Territorial Guard, 8, 23–25
incarceration of Issei men, 9–10
Japanese Americans in, 34
Lei Day in, 108
and military service of Japanese Americans, 65
residents with Japanese ancestry, 3–4
soldiers’ return to, 192–193, 193
Higuchi, Hiro, 97–98, 117, 124, 129, 133, 187–188
Hirabayashi, Esther (Gordon’s wife)
and Gordon’s release from prison, 200
hate mail received by, 113
marriage of, 111–113, 112
pregnancy of, 114
romance with Gordon, 79–80
Hirabayashi, Gordon
commitment to principles, 44–45, 46–47, 79
as conscientious objector, 45, 110
curfew violation, 44–45, 48
discrimination encountered by, 81–82, 84, 110, 112
in federal prison, 114
incarcerated at work camp, 82–85
and Issei preparing for incarceration, 45–46
in King County Jail, 48–50
loyalty to US, 110
marriage of, 111–113, 112
postwar activism of, 200
and Presidential Medal of Freedom, 201
Quaker affiliation of, 45, 46, 47, 63, 79, 110, 111
refusing to go to camps, 46–47
released from prison, 200
surrender to FBI, 47–48
trial, 60–64, 82
Hirabayashi, Mitsu (Gordon’s mother), 60–61
Hirabayashi, Shungo (Gordon’s father), 60, 61–62
Hirabayashi v. United States, 82
Hitler, Adolf, 106, 184
Hollywood, racism in, 23
Hull, Bill, 157
* * *
★ ★ ★ ★
I
Ickes, Harold, 166
Inouye, Daniel, 4, 71, 98–100
Issei (Japanese immigrants to the US)
American children of (see Nisei)
and citizenship, 33, 38, 199
detained by FBI, 9–10, 21–22, 21
as “enemy aliens,” 32
and exclusion zone, 34
incarcerations of men, 101
placed in concentration camps, 34–37, 36, 38, 39, 40–42, 41
possessions lost by, 36–37
as prisoners of war, 22
and property rights, 37–38
travel restrictions placed on, 31
Italian Americans, 51
Italy, 118–124, 119, 129–130, 132–133, 172
Ito, Sus, 117, 121, 147, 152, 170
* * *
★ ★ ★ ★
J
“Jap” (racial slur), vii, 10, 12–13, 61, 198, 203
Japan
attack on Pearl Harbor, 1–6, 3, 5
bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 189–191, 193
destruction of cultural items from, 29
immigrants from (see Issei)
Rudy’s time in, 27–28
submarine attack on Hawaiʻi, 22
surrender of, 193
and US oil embargo, 27–28
Japanese Americans (Nisei)
as citizens of United States, 9, 31
and draft resisters, 111, 114–115
as “enemy aliens,” 32, 64–65, 90
and exclusion zone, 34
loyalty to US, 24
military service of, 65–66, 69–70, 70 (see also 442nd Regimental Combat Team; 100th Infantry Battalion)
and oaths of allegiance, 110
See also Issei
Jerome Relocation Center, 99–100
Jodl, Alfred, 186
* * *
★ ★ ★ ★
K
Kennedy, T. Blake, 114
Kutaka, Shosei, 104
* * *
★ ★ ★ ★
L
language choices in book, vi–vii
Lost Battalion, 142, 144–155, 146, 156–158, 160–162, 161, 169
loyalty of Japanese Americans to US, 24
* * *
★ ★ ★ ★
M
Madokoro, Harry, 59, 74, 75, 107, 131, 134
Madokoro, Netsu, 59
Manion, Francis, 47–48
Matsuda, Raymond, 158–159
memorial services for soldiers, 134–135, 135, 164
Miho, Ayano (Kat’s mother), 7, 9, 197
Miho, Fumiye (Kat’s sister), 7, 19–20, 189–191
Miho, Katsuaki (Kat’s brother), 7, 68–70, 101, 104
Miho, Katsugo “Kats”
and attack on Pearl Harbor, 4–6, 8, 9
at Camp Shelby, 89
and conditions in concentration camps, 98–100
and Dachau concentration camp, 184–185
death of brother, 104
enlisting in army, 68–73, 101
foraging for food, 180
in France, 137–138, 148
at French-Italian border, 169, 170
and George Oiye, 90, 92
in Germany, 179–181
in Hawaiʻi Territorial Guard, 8, 23–25, 68
in Italy, 118–119, 121
and Lost Battalion rescue, 147
and Miho Hotel of family, 6–7
returning home from war, 196–197
and war refugees, 118–119
and warrior’s code (Bu-shido), 107
youth of, 7
Miho, Katsuichi (Kats’s father)
detained by FBI, 9, 21
incarceration of, 34, 35, 101–103
and Japanese culture, 7–8, 21
move to Fort Missoula, 101
released from prison, 197
Military Intelligence Service, 165, 202
military service
and civil rights violations of Japanese Americans, 94–95, 111
criticisms of Nisei in, 94–95
and draft (see Selective Service and the draft)
and German prisoners of war, 103–104
of Japanese Americans (see 442nd Regimental Combat Team; 100th Infantry Battalion)
