Essays on Russian Novelists

Essays on Russian Novelists

William Lyon Phelps

Nonfiction / Biographies & Memoirs

From the beginning of the first essay: RUSSIAN NATIONAL CHARACTER AS SHOWN IN RUSSIAN FICTION The Japanese war pricked one of the biggest bubbles in history, and left Russia in a profoundly humiliating situation. Her navy was practically destroyed, her armies soundly beaten, her offensive power temporarily reduced to zero, her treasury exhausted, her pride laid in the dust. If the greatness of a nation consisted in the number and size of its battleships, in the capacity of its fighting men, or in its financial prosperity, Russia would be an object of pity. But in America it is wholesome to remember that the real greatness of a nation consists in none of these things, but rather in its intellectual splendour, in the number and importance of the ideas it gives to the world, in its contributions to literature and art, and to all things that count in humanity\'s intellectual advance. When we Americans swell with pride over our industrial prosperity, we might profitably reflect for a moment on the comparative value of America\'s and Russia\'s contributions to literature and music. At the start, we notice a rather curious fact, which sharply differentiates Russian literature from the literature of England, France, Spain, Italy, and even from that of Germany. Russia is old; her literature is new. Russian history goes back to the ninth century; Russian literature, so far as it interests the world, begins in the nineteenth. Russian literature and American literature are twins. But there is this strong contrast, caused partly by the difference in the age of the two nations. In the early years of the nineteenth century, American literature sounds like a child learning to talk, and then aping its elders; Russian literature is the voice of a giant, waking from a long sleep, and becoming articulate. It is as though the world had watched this giant\'s deep slumber for a long time, wondering what he would say when he awakened. And what he has said has been well worth the thousand years of waiting. To an educated native Slav, or to a professor of the Russian language, twenty or thirty Russian authors would no doubt seem important; but the general foreign reading public is quite properly mainly interested in only five standard writers, although contemporary novelists like Gorki, Artsybashev, Andreev, and others are at this moment deservedly attracting wide attention. The great five, whose place in the world\'s literature seems absolutely secure, are Pushkin, Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, and Tolstoy. The man who killed Pushkin in a duel survived till 1895, and Tolstoy died in 1910. These figures show in how short a time Russian literature has had its origin, development, and full fruition.…
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Essays on Modern Novelists

Essays on Modern Novelists

William Lyon Phelps

Nonfiction / Biographies & Memoirs

This is a reprint of the collection of essays originally published in book form in 1910. The first impression the book makes, on re-reading its interesting and at times brilliant criticisms, is the ever changing meaning of the word “modern.” We are sure that if Professor Phelps were issuing such a book to-day, his choice of subjects would differ, both in omission and inclusion, from the list as here given. De Morgan, Bjornson, Sienkiewicz, and Blackmore would probably disappear, and those who could take their places would more than fill the volume. For, to mention only one, the greatest of “modern novelists,” Mrs. Wharton, is not here, although The House of Mirth was published in 1905. Professor Phelps gives sound and discriminating criticism on Hardy, Howells, Mark Twain, Stevenson, Kipling, and Sudermann. He does not, we think, appreciate Mrs. Humphry Ward\'s portrayal of the atmosphere in which she places her characters, but he puts his finger on her weaknesses. He rightly protests against the Continental criticism of English and American novels on account of their reticence, for it is not a question of morality only, it is a question of the proper proportions in which one draws life. An interesting appendix contains his plea for the study of contemporary literature and an account of his experiences when he began to give a course on “The Modern Novel” at Yale about 1896. We remember the surprise we felt at that time, when this course was hailed as a great novelty, for we had taken a course in modern fiction at Pennsylvania with Professor Schelling several years before; but this essay, read now, proves again how fast time flies. Courses in modern literature are given everywhere now, and Professor Phelps can rightly be congratulated on being one of the pioneers in bringing trained academic judgment where it is vitally needed, that is, to the reading public who have to be told constantly what they should or should not read. –Educational Review, Vol. 64
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