The Cannons of Lucknow, page 26
The History of India: James Grant, Cassell, circa 1888.
The Bengal Horse Artillery: Maj. Gen. B. P. Hughes, Arms & Armour Press, 1971.
Lucknow and the Oude Mutiny: Lt. Gen. Mcleod Innes, V. C., R. E. A. D. Innes & Co. 1896.
Journal of the Siege of Lucknow: Maria Germon, edited Michael Edwardes, Constable (orig. pubn. 1870).
The Orchid House: Michael Edwardes, Cassell, 1960.
Accounts of the Siege and Massacre at Cawnpore by Lt. Mowbray Thomson, 53rd. N. I., and G.W. Shepherd (Survivors).
The Illustrated London News, 1856-7-8.
My thanks to Mr. Victor Sutcliffe of Stroud, Gloucs. for his help in obtaining copies of a number of the above.
* The Scinde campaign. 1843: War of the Sudej, 1845-46, and the Second Sikh War, 1848–49
* See The Sepoy Mutiny.
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS
Achkan: knee-length tunic (also Chup Kan)
Ayah: nurse or maid servant
Babu: clerk, loosely applied to those able to write
Bazaar: market
Bearer: personal, usually head, servant
Bhang: hashish
Bhisti: water carrier
Brahmin: high-caste
Hindu Cantonments: European quarters, residences, civil or military, usually military
Chapatti: unleavened cake of wheat flour
Charpoy: string bed
Daffadar: sergeant, cavalry
Dhal: flour
Din: faith, Moslem war cry “For the Faith!”
Dhoolie: stretcher or covered litter
Eurasian: half-caste, usually children of British fathers and Indian mothers
Fakir/Sadhu: itinerant holy man, Hindu
Feringhi: foreigner, term of disrespect
Ghat: landing place, river bank, quay
Godown: storeroom, warehouse
Golandaz: gunner, native
Gram: coarse grain, usually fed to horses
Hanuman: Hindu monkey god
Havildar: sergeant, infantry
Jemadar: native officer, all arms, lieutenant
Khitmatgar: table servant
Lal-kote: British soldier
Lines: long rows of huts for accommodation of native troops
Moulvi: teacher of religion, Moslem
Nana: lit. grandfather, popular title bestowed on Mahratta chief
Oudh: kingdom of, recently annexed by Hon. East India Company
Paltan: regiment
Pandy: name for mutineers, taken from the first to revolt, Sepoy Mangal Pandy, 34th Native Infantry
Peishwa: ruler or king of the Mahratta race
Poorbeah: from the East, an inhabitant of Oudh
Puggree: turban
Raj: rule
Rissala: cavalry
Rissaldar/Rissaldar-Major: native officer, cavalry:
RSM Ryot: peasant small holder
Sepoy: infantry soldier
Sowar: cavalry trooper
Subadar/Subedar-Major: native officer, infantry
Sweeper: low-caste servant
Tulwar: sword or sabre
Vakeel: agent
Zamindar: landowner
Zenana: Harem quarters. Seraglio
V. A. Stuart, The Cannons of Lucknow
