The Art of Insubordination, page 28
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Be wary when people start with the conclusion they want: Steven J. Frenda et al., “False Memories of Fabricated Political Events,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 49, no. 2 (2013): 280–86.
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the process of scientific discovery: Yannis Hadzigeorgiou and Vassilios Garganourakis, “Using Nikola Tesla’s Story and His Experiments as Presented in the Film ‘The Prestige’ to Promote Scientific Inquiry: A Report of an Action Research Project,” Interchange 41 no. 4 (2010): 363–78; Yannis Hadzigeorgiou, Stephen Klassen, and Cathrine Froese Klassen, “Encouraging a ‘Romantic Understanding’ of Science: The Effect of the Nikola Tesla Story,” Science & Education 21 no. 8 (2012): 1111–38.
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Both girls and boys showed a greater appreciation: Hadzigeorgiou, Klassen, and Klassen, “Encouraging a ‘Romantic Understanding’ of Science.”
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promoted psychological strengths: Katherine Perrotta, “Pedagogical Conditions That Promote Historical Empathy with ‘the Elizabeth Jennings Project,’ ” Social Studies Research and Practice 13, no. 2 (2018): 129–46.
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it isn’t just physical bravery: Shane J. Lopez et al., “Folk Conceptualizations of Courage,” in Psychology of Courage: Modern Research on an Ancient Virtue, ed. Cynthia L. S. Pury and Shane J. Lopez (Washington, DC: APA Press, 2010), 23–45; Christopher R. Rate, “Implicit Theories of Courage,” Journal of Positive Psychology 2, no. 2 (2007): 80–98.
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they display personal courage: Cynthia L. S. Pury, Robin M. Kowalski, and Jana Spearman, “Distinctions between General and Personal Courage,” Journal of Positive Psychology 2, no. 2 (2007): 99–114.
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The defining quality of courage: Stanley J. Rachman, “Fear and Courage,” Behavior Therapy 15, no. 1 (1984): 109–20; Cooper R. Woodard and Cynthia L. S. Pury, “The Construct of Courage: Categorization and Measurement,” Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research 59, no. 2 (2007): 135–47.
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there are two ways of being courageous: The formula listed along with other insights can be found in this underappreciated gem: Robert Biswas-Diener, The Courage Quotient: How Science Can Make You Braver (New York: John Wiley, 2012). As for the denominator, fear is only one mental obstacle that inhibits us from speaking out or standing up for a worthwhile reason. Other mental obstacles include depleted mental or physical energy, a sense of doubt, a lack of awareness, self-centeredness, and insufficient concern about others. This incomplete list of mental obstacles influences our perception of risk and danger. Addressing them can empower us to take deliberate action despite high perceived risk and fearful feelings.
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a fear of retaliation: James A. Dungan, Liane Young, and Adam Waytz, “The Power of Moral Concerns in Predicting Whistleblowing Decisions,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 85 (2019): 103848.
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why youth do not report bullying: Wanda Cassidy, Margaret Jackson, and Karen N. Brown, “Sticks and Stones Can Break My Bones, but How Can Pixels Hurt Me? Students’ Experiences with Cyber-Bullying,” School Psychology International 30, no. 4 (2009): 383–402.
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series of small choices: Harris, ACT Made Simple.
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think of themselves as heroes in waiting: Elisabeth K. Heiner, “Fostering Heroism in Fourth- and Fifth-Grade Students,” Journal of Humanistic Psychology 59, no. 4 (2019): 596–616.
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five factors that increase the odds of taking action: Peter Fischer et al., “The Bystander-Effect: A Meta-Analytic Review on Bystander Intervention in Dangerous and Non-Dangerous Emergencies,” Psychological Bulletin 137, no. 4 (2011): 517–37.
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break down conquering fears: Stephane Bouchard et al., “Considerations in the Use of Exposure with Children,” Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 11, no. 1 (2004): 56–65.
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EPILOGUE
it often takes about six to eight weeks: Kate Cavanagh et al., “Can Mindfulness and Acceptance Be Learnt by Self-Help?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Self-Help Interventions,” Clinical Psychology Review 34, no. 2 (2014): 118–29; Thomas Haug et al., “Self-Help Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of Effects and Potential Moderators,” Clinical Psychology Review 32, no. 5 (2012): 425–45.
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Index
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of the book. Each link will take you to the beginning of the corresponding print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.
Page numbers in italics refer to figures and tables.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A
abolition, 39
aboriginal populations, 113–14
academic fraud, 135–37, 140, 149, 151, 244n, 249n
academic performance, 259n. See also education
activism, 58, 71, 154
acupuncture, 20–21
advice, 178, 179
affirmations, 110
affirmative action, 168–69
Afghanistan War, 128
African Americans, 32–33
after-action reviews (AARs), 247n
agency, 24, 176–81, 191, 259n, 280n, 282n
alcohol consumption, 52, 99, 102
Alexander, Lisa, 81
Al-Jahiz, 3–4, 204n
allies of dissenters
and conformity vs. uniqueness, 83–86
and idiosyncrasy credits, 62, 72
and promotion of unconventional ideas, 7
and social capital, 76–82
Star Trek example, 86–88
steps for cultivating, 88
support provided by, 73–75
Amazon rainforest protection, 115
antagonists, 239–40n
Anthony, Susan B., 19
anti-consumerism, 58
anti-corporatism, 58
anti-rape movement, 91
anxiety, 100, 102, 109, 138
Argyle, Michael, 81
Aron, Arthur, 230n
Arthur, Chester, 38
artists, 57–61
aspirational solutions, 110
attentiveness, 107, 148, 188
authenticity, 11, 186
authority bias, 46, 181–83
autonomy, 165, 179–81. See also agency
B
Banaji, Mahzarin, 23
barriers to heeding unconventional ideas
academic fraud example, 135–37
and engaging with rebels, 153–54
intolerance, 150–53
overconfidence, 144–50
psychological underpinnings of, 137–38, 138–44
steps for overcoming, 155
Barry, Rick, 17–18, 186
Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL training (BUD/S), 82
basketball, 17–20, 66, 207n, 208n
behavioral psychotherapy, 139
belonging uncertainty, 176–77
benefits of principled insubordination. See value of principled insubordination
biases. See cognitive biases
Biblical creation narrative, 204n
Biswas-Diener, Robert, 236n, 263n
Black Americans, 32–33
Bolivia, 113–16
Botton, Alain de, 82, 146
boycotts, 71
bravery, 186–89. See also heroic view of insubordination
Brewer, Marilynn, 83
bribery, 113–14
Brown, Brené, 244n
Bryant, Kobe, 208n
budgeting decisions, 74
Burns, Patrick, 158, 159
Burr, Bill, 129
Bush, George W., 26, 128
C
Cacciutto, Frank, 175
Cambridge Dictionary, 10
Cameron, Kim, 77
Canada, 29–30
Catholic Church, 4
Center for Military Readiness, 158
Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 173–74
challenges of principled insubordination, 81–82. See also risks of principled insubordination
Chamberlain, Wilt, 18–19, 66
champion figures, 178–79
chauvinism, 119–20
Cheung, Elaine, 77
Chinese minorities, 28–29
Christian creation narrative, 204n
Cialdini, Robert, 51–52
civil discourse, 146
civil rights, 86–88, 185
civil society, 115
clarification of values, 110
Clark, Cory, 45
Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, 135–37, 151
Clinton, Bill, 39
cliques, 165–70
close-mindedness, 138, 144–45
Cobain, Kurt, 59, 221n
coca cultivation, 113
cognitive behavioral psychotherapy, 139
cognitive biases
authority bias, 46, 181–83
bias blind spot, 46
confirmation bias, 46, 47, 168–70, 172, 218n
and conformity pressure, 44–45
and cultivating rebel-friendly culture, 160
debiasing strategies, 166
familiarity bias, 24–30, 46
intergroup bias, 166
overcoming personal biases, 140
principled insubordination to neutralize, 44–48
projection bias, 46
self-consistency bias, 46
status quo bias, 24–30, 35, 70, 75–76, 83–86, 138, 211n
stereotyping bias, 46
See also gender norms and biases
cognitive defusion, 102–3, 105
cognitive diversity, 120–21
cognitive simplicity, 149
Colbert, Stephen, 128
collaboration, 79, 82, 119–22, 161, 167
collective intelligence, 161
college admissions, 65, 119–20
combat service and veterans, 100, 157–61
comedians, 127–30
Comedy Central, 129
commercial success, 59
commitment to principled insubordination, 108
communication skills, 53
competence, 176
complementary traits, 77
conciliation, 64
confidence, 175–77
confirmation bias
and cultivating rebel-friendly culture, 172
defined, 46
and dissenters in groups settings, 168–70
influence of dissenting opinions in groups, 218n
and value of non-conformists, 47
Conflict Elaboration Theory, 60
conflicts of interest, 182
conformity
benefits of, 34
and cognitive biases, 44–45
and identity-based groups, 27–30
mechanisms for resisting, 35
and open-mindedness, 33–34
and power of optimism, 30–33
and power of the status quo, 24–25, 27–30
psychology of, 17–20
and scarcity of non-conformist behavior, 22–23
steps for resisting, 35
and systemic threats, 26–27
and tribal thinking, 8
vs. uniqueness, 83–86
and value of dissenters, 51, 257n
winning over skeptical conformists, 57–61
conservatism, 26, 30–31, 62–63
Context/Comparison Model, 60
convention, 17–20. See also conformity
conversation skills, 84–85, 145–48, 163
Conversion Theory, 60
coping mechanisms, 92, 102–6
core values, 95, 108
corruption, 28, 113–14
costs of principled insubordination, 4–5, 45–46, 185–89
physical toll of rebelling, 98–100
See also risks of principled insubordination
couples therapy research, 135–36, 244–45n
courage required for principled insubordination, 66–68, 72, 186, 187–89, 192
COVID-19 pandemic, 173–75
