B00B7H7M2E EBOK, page 34
scientism 31
Secchi, Father 143–4
Seleucus of Seleucia 24
Sextans galaxy 244
Shain, Gregory 189
Shapley, Harlow 159, 166–9, 170, 176, 179, 243
singly ionized atoms 167
singularities 207, 208, 285, 286
Sirius 124, 125, 128, 153, 154
Sitter, Willem de 182, 184
Slipher, Vesto Melvin 171, 172–4, 182, 212, 245
Sloan Digital Sky Survey 213, 239–40
Sloan Telescope 240
Smoot, George 204, 249, 274, 281
sodium 143, 145
solar parallax 27
space-based astronomy 209–10, 215, 216
Space Interferometry Mission 211, 245
spectra 138–40, 157, 171, 212, 276
absorption lines 140, 141, 142, 172
electromagnetic spectrum 139, 140, 144–5, 192
emission spectrum 140
solar spectrum 142–3
spectroscopic parallax 212
spheres of the planets 39–40, 42–3, 44, 47–8, 67
Sputnik 1 215
stades 16
Staff of Archimedes 12–13
Stalin, Joseph 188–9
standard candles 166, 168, 169, 210, 217, 219, 220, 221
stars
absolute magnitude 123, 167, 168, 177, 211, 212, 222
age of 267–8
apparent magnitude 123
chemical composition 138, 144
eclipsing binaries 166
globular clusters 168, 176, 177, 268
groupings 149, 160, 211
parallax shift 106–7, 111, 112, 113, 114, 129–30
proper motion 125, 128, 129, 135
pulsation 163–4, 167
speed and overall motion 145–8, 159
stellar distances xi, 41, 43, 55, 118, 119,122, 123, 135–6, 147, 148, 160, 165, 210
variable stars 163–4, 165, 166, 175, 179
statistical parallax 147, 177, 210
Steady State theory 191, 195, 199, 200, 255
Steinhardt, Paul 276
stellar parallax 25, 55, 59, 117, 118, 130, 131–2, 138, 142, 153, 160, 210
Stoics 4, 24
Sun
angular size 19, 20, 131
distance to the xi, 17, 18, 19, 21, 114–15, 119, 125–6, 128
spectrum 142–3
Sunyaev, Rashid 223
superbubbles 236, 247
Supernova Cosmology Project 276, 277, 280
supernovae 176, 218–22, 276, 277–9
explosions 219, 220, 221, 277–8
Type I 219, 220
Type Ia 219, 221, 261, 265, 266, 267, 277–8
Type II 219, 220–1, 261, 267
surface-brightness fluctuations 222–3, 261, 267
Syene 13–16
Szalay, Alexander 251
Talbot, William Henry Fox 157
Tammann, Gustav 218, 263, 264
Tanvir, Nial 266
Taylor, Roger 196
telescopes 36, 78–9, 83, 103–4, 105–6, 133
charge-coupled devices (CCDs) 212–13, 240
reflecting telescopes 133, 134, 151, 155
refracting telescopes 134, 155
Thaddeus, Patrick 230
theology, science and 189–91
see also Catholic Church
tides 64, 73, 93
Timosthenes 10
Tkotsuka, Yoji 259
transits 126, 127, 128
triangulation 106–111
Tully-Fisher relation 222, 261, 267
Tully, R. Brent 222
Turner, Michael 240, 272, 279, 280
Turok, Neil 287
Turon, Catherine 268
universe
age of 179, 180, 218, 263–4, 266
asymmetries and irregularities 203–5, 274
balloon analogy 187, 202, 288–9
dimensions xi, 106, 114–15, 152–4, 169, 177–8, 179, 180
Earth-centred model 22–3, 26–7, 28, 32, 33, 89
expansion or contraction 182–4, 185–7, 188–9, 191, 201, 252, 273, 279, 280, 283–4, 287
isotropy and homogeneity 233–4, 247, 249
mass density 251–3, 255, 258, 259, 260, 274, 280, 281
no-boundary model 284, 285, 286–7
origins see Big Bang theory; inflation theory; Steady State theory
relative scale 248
Sun-centred model 23–6, 30, 46, 47–8, 54, 57, 61, 89
supercomputer simulations 273–6
surveys and mapping 228–50
Uranus 136, 151
Ursus (Nicolai Reymers Baer) 58
vacuum energy 271
Van der Bergh, Sidney 218
Venus 41, 54, 55, 84, 85, 86, 102, 103, 126, 128
Virgo constellation 214, 244, 246, 249, 261, 264, 266, 269
von Fraunhofer, Josef 133, 140–3
von Littrow, Karl 128
von Struve, Friedrich 135, 142, 159, 210
Wheeler, John Archibald 207, 289
white dwarf stars 219–20, 222, 258
White, Simon 274
Wilford, John Noble 272
Wilson, Robert 195–6, 197, 198, 199
wormhole theories 284, 289–91
Wright, Thomas 149–50, 183
Zel’dovich, Borisovich 196, 223, 271
Zwicky, Fritz 222, 256
About the Author
Kitty Ferguson is the author of Tycho and Kepler: The Unlikely Partnership that Forever Changed our Understanding of the Heavens, Prisons of Light: Black Holes and the definitive Stephen Hawking: His Life and Work. Her interest in mathematics, physics and cosmology began as a child growing up in Texas in a family that loved mathematics, science, and music. She studied at the Juilliard School of Music in New York and was for many years a successful professional musician, conducting and performing oratorio, early music and chamber music. In 1986 she moved to England where her husband was a Visiting Fellow and later Life Member of Clare Hall, Cambridge University. During this and many subsequent periods of residence at Cambridge, Kitty Ferguson audited graduated lectures and seminars in the Department of Applied Maths and Theoretical Physics and got to know some of the legendary figures in those fields, including Stephen Hawking. In 1987 she retired from music to devote herself full time to writing about science.
Also by Kitty Ferguson
Black Holes in Spacetime
Stephen Hawking: Quest for a Theory of Everything
The Fire in the Equations: Science, Religion, and the Search for God
Prisons of Light: Black Holes
Tycho and Kepler: The Unlikely Partnership that Forever Changed Our Understanding of the Heavens
Pythagoras: His Lives and the Legacy of a Rational Universe (The Music of Pythagoras)
Stephen Hawking: His Life and Work/An Unfettered Mind
TRANSWORLD PUBLISHERS
61–63 Uxbridge Road, London W5 5SA
A Random House Group Company
www.transworldbooks.co.uk
MEASURING THE UNIVERSE
Version 1.0 Epub ISBN: 9781448167227
First published in 1999
by HEADLINE BOOK PUBLISHING
Copyright © Kitty Ferguson 1999
Kitty Ferguson has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the author of this work.
This ebook is copyright material and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorized distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the author’s and publisher’s rights and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly.
Addresses for Random House Group Ltd companies outside the UK can be found
at:
www.randomhouse.co.uk
The Random House Group Ltd Reg. No. 954009
Ferguson, Kitty, B00B7H7M2E EBOK
Thank you for reading books on ReadFrom.Net
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Secchi, Father 143–4
Seleucus of Seleucia 24
Sextans galaxy 244
Shain, Gregory 189
Shapley, Harlow 159, 166–9, 170, 176, 179, 243
singly ionized atoms 167
singularities 207, 208, 285, 286
Sirius 124, 125, 128, 153, 154
Sitter, Willem de 182, 184
Slipher, Vesto Melvin 171, 172–4, 182, 212, 245
Sloan Digital Sky Survey 213, 239–40
Sloan Telescope 240
Smoot, George 204, 249, 274, 281
sodium 143, 145
solar parallax 27
space-based astronomy 209–10, 215, 216
Space Interferometry Mission 211, 245
spectra 138–40, 157, 171, 212, 276
absorption lines 140, 141, 142, 172
electromagnetic spectrum 139, 140, 144–5, 192
emission spectrum 140
solar spectrum 142–3
spectroscopic parallax 212
spheres of the planets 39–40, 42–3, 44, 47–8, 67
Sputnik 1 215
stades 16
Staff of Archimedes 12–13
Stalin, Joseph 188–9
standard candles 166, 168, 169, 210, 217, 219, 220, 221
stars
absolute magnitude 123, 167, 168, 177, 211, 212, 222
age of 267–8
apparent magnitude 123
chemical composition 138, 144
eclipsing binaries 166
globular clusters 168, 176, 177, 268
groupings 149, 160, 211
parallax shift 106–7, 111, 112, 113, 114, 129–30
proper motion 125, 128, 129, 135
pulsation 163–4, 167
speed and overall motion 145–8, 159
stellar distances xi, 41, 43, 55, 118, 119,122, 123, 135–6, 147, 148, 160, 165, 210
variable stars 163–4, 165, 166, 175, 179
statistical parallax 147, 177, 210
Steady State theory 191, 195, 199, 200, 255
Steinhardt, Paul 276
stellar parallax 25, 55, 59, 117, 118, 130, 131–2, 138, 142, 153, 160, 210
Stoics 4, 24
Sun
angular size 19, 20, 131
distance to the xi, 17, 18, 19, 21, 114–15, 119, 125–6, 128
spectrum 142–3
Sunyaev, Rashid 223
superbubbles 236, 247
Supernova Cosmology Project 276, 277, 280
supernovae 176, 218–22, 276, 277–9
explosions 219, 220, 221, 277–8
Type I 219, 220
Type Ia 219, 221, 261, 265, 266, 267, 277–8
Type II 219, 220–1, 261, 267
surface-brightness fluctuations 222–3, 261, 267
Syene 13–16
Szalay, Alexander 251
Talbot, William Henry Fox 157
Tammann, Gustav 218, 263, 264
Tanvir, Nial 266
Taylor, Roger 196
telescopes 36, 78–9, 83, 103–4, 105–6, 133
charge-coupled devices (CCDs) 212–13, 240
reflecting telescopes 133, 134, 151, 155
refracting telescopes 134, 155
Thaddeus, Patrick 230
theology, science and 189–91
see also Catholic Church
tides 64, 73, 93
Timosthenes 10
Tkotsuka, Yoji 259
transits 126, 127, 128
triangulation 106–111
Tully-Fisher relation 222, 261, 267
Tully, R. Brent 222
Turner, Michael 240, 272, 279, 280
Turok, Neil 287
Turon, Catherine 268
universe
age of 179, 180, 218, 263–4, 266
asymmetries and irregularities 203–5, 274
balloon analogy 187, 202, 288–9
dimensions xi, 106, 114–15, 152–4, 169, 177–8, 179, 180
Earth-centred model 22–3, 26–7, 28, 32, 33, 89
expansion or contraction 182–4, 185–7, 188–9, 191, 201, 252, 273, 279, 280, 283–4, 287
isotropy and homogeneity 233–4, 247, 249
mass density 251–3, 255, 258, 259, 260, 274, 280, 281
no-boundary model 284, 285, 286–7
origins see Big Bang theory; inflation theory; Steady State theory
relative scale 248
Sun-centred model 23–6, 30, 46, 47–8, 54, 57, 61, 89
supercomputer simulations 273–6
surveys and mapping 228–50
Uranus 136, 151
Ursus (Nicolai Reymers Baer) 58
vacuum energy 271
Van der Bergh, Sidney 218
Venus 41, 54, 55, 84, 85, 86, 102, 103, 126, 128
Virgo constellation 214, 244, 246, 249, 261, 264, 266, 269
von Fraunhofer, Josef 133, 140–3
von Littrow, Karl 128
von Struve, Friedrich 135, 142, 159, 210
Wheeler, John Archibald 207, 289
white dwarf stars 219–20, 222, 258
White, Simon 274
Wilford, John Noble 272
Wilson, Robert 195–6, 197, 198, 199
wormhole theories 284, 289–91
Wright, Thomas 149–50, 183
Zel’dovich, Borisovich 196, 223, 271
Zwicky, Fritz 222, 256
About the Author
Kitty Ferguson is the author of Tycho and Kepler: The Unlikely Partnership that Forever Changed our Understanding of the Heavens, Prisons of Light: Black Holes and the definitive Stephen Hawking: His Life and Work. Her interest in mathematics, physics and cosmology began as a child growing up in Texas in a family that loved mathematics, science, and music. She studied at the Juilliard School of Music in New York and was for many years a successful professional musician, conducting and performing oratorio, early music and chamber music. In 1986 she moved to England where her husband was a Visiting Fellow and later Life Member of Clare Hall, Cambridge University. During this and many subsequent periods of residence at Cambridge, Kitty Ferguson audited graduated lectures and seminars in the Department of Applied Maths and Theoretical Physics and got to know some of the legendary figures in those fields, including Stephen Hawking. In 1987 she retired from music to devote herself full time to writing about science.
Also by Kitty Ferguson
Black Holes in Spacetime
Stephen Hawking: Quest for a Theory of Everything
The Fire in the Equations: Science, Religion, and the Search for God
Prisons of Light: Black Holes
Tycho and Kepler: The Unlikely Partnership that Forever Changed Our Understanding of the Heavens
Pythagoras: His Lives and the Legacy of a Rational Universe (The Music of Pythagoras)
Stephen Hawking: His Life and Work/An Unfettered Mind
TRANSWORLD PUBLISHERS
61–63 Uxbridge Road, London W5 5SA
A Random House Group Company
www.transworldbooks.co.uk
MEASURING THE UNIVERSE
Version 1.0 Epub ISBN: 9781448167227
First published in 1999
by HEADLINE BOOK PUBLISHING
Copyright © Kitty Ferguson 1999
Kitty Ferguson has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the author of this work.
This ebook is copyright material and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorized distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the author’s and publisher’s rights and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly.
Addresses for Random House Group Ltd companies outside the UK can be found
at:
www.randomhouse.co.uk
The Random House Group Ltd Reg. No. 954009
Ferguson, Kitty, B00B7H7M2E EBOK
