Contemplative Science, page 28
Burnaby, John
Bush, George W.
Cartesian dualism. See also Dualism
Categorical reductionism
Causality: defined/described; and the Four Noble Truths; and intersubjectivity; and logical inference of hidden objects; marginalization of nonphysical causal influences; and mind–brain relationship
Christianity: Aristotelian view of God; Christian view of the soul; early contemplative practices; and genuine happiness; and “God’s-eye” perspective in the physical sciences; and historical impediments to study of consciousness; lack of focus on cultivating attention; metempsychosis beliefs in early Christianity; monotheism of; Neoplatonic school of mysticism; religious fundamentalism in the U.S.; sacred texts and very hidden realities; split between goals of science and religion. See also Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Citta
Clairvoyance
Clarity, sense of
“Close attention” stage of śamatha
Closure principle; and free will; and the life sciences
Cognitions, valid
Cognitive science, classical: appeals to future authorities; behavioral and neural correlates to consciousness; focus on medium/low “bandwidth” of conscious states; focus on mental illness, not mental health; historical impediments to study of consciousness; idolization of the brain; lack of breakthroughs in; lack of knowledge about consciousness; location of mental events; materialistic assumptions of; mechanistic viewpoint; and objectivism; and reductionism; rejection of subjective observations; rejection of unchanging, autonomous self; unresolved puzzles
Cognizance, and śamatha
Cole, K. C.
Colors
Communism
Compassion: and affective imbalances; and contemplative practice; cruelty as opposite of; distinguished from righteous indignation for the sake of others; “giving and taking” practice (tonglen); grief as false facsimile of; as one of the four immeasurables; proximate cause of; and recognition of nonduality of external and internal space; summary of characteristics
Conative imbalances
The Confessions of Cassian
Consciousness; absolute vacuum states of consciousness; behavioral and neural correlates; Buddhist investigations of (see also Contemplative inquiry, Buddhist); Buddhist view of “hard problem,” and causality; Chalmers’s “hard problem,” ; and death; historical impediments to study in the West; and intersubjectivity; introspection as instrument of observation; lack of objective evidence for; origins of the psyche; relative vacuum states of consciousness; and scientific materialism; and scientific vs. Buddhist modes of knowledge; self-observation; spectrum of conscious states; unity of absolute space and primordial consciousness. See also Attention; Brain; Ground state of consciousness; Primordial consciousness; Reincarnation; Self; Soul; Substrate consciousness
Consilience (Wilson)
Contemplative inquiry, Buddhist; conclusions about the mind and awareness; contemplative refinement of attention (see Śamatha); contrast to Western science; empirical ideal; epistemology of; intersubjectivity and the Great Perfection; investigation of disappearance of mental events; investigation of external and internal space; investigation of location of mental events; investigation of perception and conceptual superpositions
Contemplative practices, Buddhist; and compassion; dream yoga; and four applications of mindfulness; and the four immeasurables; Gautama’s training in; “giving and taking” practice (tonglen); guru–disciple relationship; and intersubjectivity; and “I–you” relationship; mindfulness of emotions; mindfulness of mental objects; mindfulness of mental processes; mindfulness of the body; and objectivity; and paranormal phenomena; and perceptual knowledge of evident phenomena; Sharf’s claims about; and solitude training in (see Śamatha); training through mindfulness of breathing; validity of meditative experiences. See also Attention; Intersubjectivity
Contemplative practices, early Christian
Contemplative science; Buddhist science of consciousness(see also Contemplative inquiry, Buddhist); challenges for; defined/described; impediments to study of consciousness in the West; integration of Buddhist and Western approaches. See also Knowledge, modes of
“Continuous attention” stage of śamatha
Creativity, and substrate consciousness
Crick, F.
Cruelty
Cultural biases
Cultural relativism
Dalai Lama
Damasio, Antonio
Davidson, Richard
Davies, Paul C. W.
Dawkins, Richard
Death: and the Buddha’s “noble silence,”; fate of the soul after; in Pāli canon; and scientific materialism; and substrate consciousness. See also Reincarnation
Deficits, psychological
Delusion
Democritus
Dennett, Daniel
Depression
Descartes, René: consciousness as our most certain knowledge; and idolization of Nature; lack of trained attention; legacy of; and pineal gland; and the senses
Desire. See Attachment
Desire realm (sensory realm)
Dharmadhātu
Dharmakāya
Dharmakīrti
Diakrisis
Dignāga
Dirac, Paul
“Directed attention” stage of śamatha
The Discoverers: A History of Man’s Search to Know His World and Himself (Boorstin)
Dissatisfaction, and mental imbalances
Dogma: and Buddhist tradition; defined/described; scientific materialism as
Dreams; dreamlike quality of waking experience; lucid dreaming; lucid dreamless sleep; nonlucid dreams; and objectivity
Dream yoga
Dreyfus, Georges
Drugs
Dualism: and appeals to future authorities; external vs. internal space; mental and physical substances as conceptual constructs; and mind–brain relationship; problems with; and scientific worldview; and self-observation
Dualistic mind (citta)
Düdjom Lingpa
Duḥkha
Dysfunction, psychological: affective dysfunction; attentional dysfunction; cognitive dysfunction; conative dysfunction; dysfunction of the ordinary mind in Buddhist viewpoint
Dzogchen school of Tibetan Buddhism. See Great Perfection (Dzogchen) school of Tibetan Buddhism
Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Eckhart, Meister
Education system, and scientific materialism
Einstein, Albert
Elements, derivative, and facets of primordial consciousness
Emotions: Buddhist view of; Western view of
Empathetic joy
Empathy. See also Compassion
Energy: conservation of; and physicalism; and uncertainty principle
Envy
Epistemology; Buddhist view of direct experience; epistemological flaws in dualist perspective; inferential knowledge of very hidden objects; logical inference of hidden objects; need for both scientific and contemplative inquiry; perceptual knowledge of evident phenomena. See also Knowledge, modes of; Scientific materialism
Equanimity
Errors, perceptual
Ethics
Eudaimonic well-being
Evidence, types of. See also Epistemology; Knowledge, modes of
Evil, Buddhist concept of
Evolution
Excitation (Buddhist concept); and attentional hyperactivity; defined/described; and dysfunction of the ordinary mind; and śamatha
Existence: and dream yoga; and language; and primordial consciousness; realms of (Buddhist concept). See also Absolute space of phenomena
Extrasensory perception
Feynman, Richard
Finkelstein, David
First Amendment
First Panchen Lama
The First Three Minutes (Weinberg)
Formless realm
Form realm
Founding Fathers (U.S.)
Four Hundred Stanzas (Āryadeva)
Four Noble Truths
Free will
Freud, Sigmund
“Fully pacified attention” stage of śamatha
Galileo
Gautama Buddha: and application of mindfulness; authoritative insight of; and cognitive imbalances; death of; meditation training of; “noble silence” on existence after death; and nontheism; and rational inquiry; spiritual awakening; techniques for refining attention
Genes
Genuine happiness. See Happiness, genuine
Genz, Henning
“Giving and taking” practice (tonglen)
Gnosis of God
God: and Eastern Orthodox contemplative tradition; idolization of; and metempsychosis; monotheism of Vajrayāna Buddhism; and Neoplatonic school of mysticism; quasi-atheism of Theravāda Buddhism; quasimonotheism of Mahāyāna Buddhism; as “unmoved mover,” U.S. public’s belief in; and virtue
“God’s-eye” perspective: in the physical sciences; in Vajrayāna Buddhism
Gómez, Luis
Great Perfection (Dzogchen) school of Tibetan Buddhism: and absolute space of phenomena; contemplative inquiry; and nonduality of relative and absolute dimensions of reality; primordial consciousness (jñāna); substrate (ālaya); substrate consciousness (ālayavijñāna); unity of absolute space and primordial consciousness
Great Perfection school of Vajrayāna Buddhism
Greco-Roman tradition, and historical impediments to study of consciousness
Grief, as false facsimile of compassion
Ground state of consciousness (bhavaṅga)
Guru–disciple relationship
Happiness, genuine; and Christianity; and hedonic pleasure; and primordial consciousness; and psychological flourishing; and scientific knowledge; and truth; and virtue; Western emphasis on external sources of (see also Hedonic pleasure); Western focus on mental illness, not mental health
Happiness, pursuit of; and drugs; and ideology of Founding Fathers; and idolization of the self; and reductionism
“Hard problem” of David Chalmers
Hatred. See also Aversion
Hedonic pleasure; distinguished from empathetic joy; and God; and idolization of the self; and mental imbalances; Western focus on controlling the environment in order to influence the mind
Heisenberg, Werner
Helmholtz, Hermann von
Herbert, Nick
Herschel, John
Hidden objects: inferential knowledge of very hidden objects; logical inference of
Hierarchy among branches of science
Hierarchy of types of theories
The High Price of Materialism (Kasser)
The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa
Hyperactivity, psychological
Hypnosis
I and Thou (Buber)
Idolatry: defined/described; idolization of God; idolization of Nature; idolization of theories; idolization of the self
“I–it” relationship
“Illusions of knowledge,”
Immaterial phenomena, examples of
Immeasurables, Buddhist concept of; compassion; empathetic joy; equanimity; “giving and taking” practice (tonglen); and “I–it” relationship; and “I–you” relationship; loving-kindness; summary of
Indifference
Indra
Inferential knowledge of hidden objects
Inferential knowledge of very hidden objects
Information: location in brain; vs. matter as fundamental stuff of nature
Intersubjectivity; and applications of mindfulness; and Buddhist tradition; and compassion; dream yoga; and the four immeasurables (see also Compassion; Empathetic joy; Equanimity; Loving-kindness); “giving and taking” practice (tonglen ); and Great Perfection school of Tibetan Buddhism; “I–it” relationship; “I–thou” relationship; “I–you” relationship; and meditative quiescence; and perceptual experience; and scientific observations
Introspection; and cultivation of śamatha; evaluation of experiences; as instrument for observations about consciousness; James on; and objectivism; rejected in classical cognitive sciences; as sole source for evidence of consciousness; and stages of śamatha; unsuccessful methods in the West. See also Contemplative inquiry, Buddhist
Islam
Īśvara
“I–thou” relationship
“I–you” relationship
Jackson, Roger
Jahn, R. G.
James, William: approach to psychology stifled by scientific materialism; on attention; on the body; emphasis on introspection; on empiricism and religion; on evaluating introspective reports; on hypotheses offered by mystical states; hypotheses on the origins of mental processes; mental and physical substances as conceptual constructs
Javana
Jewish mysticism
Jhāna
Jñāna
Jñāna-prāṇa
Jñeya
John Scotus Eriugena
Joy. See Empathetic joy
Judaism
Judeo-Christian tradition, and historical impediments to the study of consciousness
Justinian, emperor
Kabat-Zinn, Jon
Kālacakratantra
Kant, Immanuel
Karma
Karma Chagmé
Kasser, Tim
Kerry, John
Kirsch, Irving
Knowledge, modes of; Buddhist ideal of objectivity; Buddhist pursuit of objective knowledge; contrast between scientific and Buddhist approaches; example of different modes; inferential knowledge of very hidden objects; logical inference of hidden objects; ontological vs. pragmatic views; perceptual knowledge of evident phenomena; and pragmatism; relative demarcation between the empirical and metaphysical; reliability testing for empirical data; scientific ideal of objectivity; truth claims based on authority; validity of meditative experiences
Koch.
Kuhn, Thomas
Language: and existence; and intersubjectivity
Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
Laughlin, Robert
Laxity (Buddhist concept); and attentional deficit; defined/ described; and dysfunction of the ordinary mind; and śamatha
Libet, Benjamin
Life: and ideology of Founding Fathers; and scientific materialism
Life, meaningful: and components of genuine happiness; and reductionism; and scientific materialism
Life sciences, and reductionism
Light, and vacuum
Location of mental events
Locke, John
Lockwood, Michael
Logical inference of hidden objects
Loka
Love: and attachment; and virtue
Loving-kindness: and affective imbalances; attachment as false facsimile of; and compassion; “giving and taking” practice (tonglen); hatred as opposite of; as one of the four immeasurables; proximate cause of; and recognition of nonduality of external and internal space; summary of characteristics; and training in contemplative practices
Lucid dreaming
Lucid dreamless sleep
Lutz, Antoine
Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra
Mahāyāna Buddhism
Malice
Manas-pratyakṣa
March-Russell, John
Maréchal, Joseph
Marx, Karl
Mass, physicist’s concept of. See also Matter
Materialism, and conative imbalances
Materialism, scientific. See Scientific materialism
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (Newton)
Mathematics
Matter: as conceptual construct; vs. information; and physicalism; possibility for nonphysical processes to influence matter; problems with monistic model
Measuring devices
Meditation: Gautama’s training in; misuse of; original Buddhist emphasis on empiricism and pragmatism obscured by dogmatism and scholasticism; and substrate consciousness. See also Contemplative inquiry, Buddhist; Contemplative practices, Buddhist; Mindfulness, application of; Śamatha
Meditations (Descartes)
Memory: and Buddhist contemplative practices; and metacognition; and mindfulness of a mental image; and substrate consciousness
Mental health. See Eudaimonic well-being; Psychological flourishing
Mental images: and memory; use of mental image as object in cultivation of śamatha
Mental imbalances: affective imbalances; attentional imbalances; and Buddhist concept of suffering; and Buddhist contemplative practices; cognitive imbalances; conative imbalances; dysfunction of the ordinary mind; obsessive-compulsive disorder; psychosis; and realization of substrate consciousness vs. primordial consciousness; temporary/superficial relief; Western focus on mental illness, not mental health
Mental perception
Mental processes: and application of mindfulness; embedded in the environment; location of mental events; and placebo effect; and sensorimotor activity; will. See also Neural events
Metacognition
Metaphysical realism
Metaphysics (Aristotle)
Metempsychosis. See also Reincarnation
Middle Way
Mind: consequences of control of the mind; dualistic mind (citta); and idolization of the brain; and placebo effect; settling the mind in its natural state; Western focus on controlling the environment in order to influence the mind; and the will. See also Attention; Brain; Buddha-mind; Buddhist psychology; Cognitive science, classical; Consciousness; Contemplative inquiry, Buddhist; Self; headings beginning with Mental
Mind–body problem; Chalmers’s “hard problem,” ; neuronal activity and causality. See also Brain; Consciousness
Mindfulness, application of: and the body; and emotions; and memory; and mental objects; and mental processes; and stages of śamatha; and stress reduction
Monistic model of matter, problems with
Monotheism: quasi-monotheistic status of Mahāyāna Buddhism; and Vajrayāna Buddhism
Moral responsibility, and idolization of the brain
Nāḍapāda
Nāgārjuna
Natural selection
Nature, idolization of
