On Looking: Eleven Walks with Expert Eyes, page 29
Horowitz Shea, Ogden (author’s son), 19–40, 78, 86, 143n, 152, 166, 178, 181, 185, 214, 220, 233–34, 252, 262
horses, 124, 155, 234, 257
house spiders, 97, 104
Hull, John, 199
humanisticness, 69
hyperkinetic gaits, 166
hypnagogic sleep, 73
ignoring, 1, 11, 14, 24, 26–27, 107–8, 112, 203, 213, 229
inanimate city, 15
inattention, see under attention
inattentional blindness, 123–24
incandescent lights, 103, 154
Indiana limestone, 54
inescapable involvement, 80
infants, 19–40
attention in, 22, 24–25
blindness in, 193–94
blooming, buzzing confusion of, 11, 28
brain and, 27, 58–59, 190, 234n
faces enjoyed by, 84
noises made by, 58
synesthesia and, 23–24, 26
toys of, 27–28
walking by, 164–65
infrasound, 214, 233
insects, 4, 93–112, 193
attraction of, 97, 103–4, 146
sign of, 93–101, 103, 105, 109–12
insula, 179–80
invasive plants, 102
Italian marble, 54
jackdaws, 109
James, William, 9–11, 16, 26, 28
javelinas, 137–38
jaywalking, 51, 151–52, 173
jingles, commercial, 233
Johnson, Evan, 167–73, 178, 180–81, 256
jumping spiders, 97, 104
Kalman, Maira, 75–89, 104
Kazin, Alfred, 78
Kent, Fred, 139–58, 186, 205–6, 231
keynote sounds, 220–21
kinesthesia, 195
kitchens, sounds of, 222–23
L5 disk, 166
ladders, 76n, 171–72
ladybugs, 105–6
Laënnec, René, 176
lampposts, 61–62, 96, 104, 202, 238, 242, 254–55
language, 86, 129, 160, 194, 228
body and, 68–69
children’s and infants’ production of, 37–39, 58–59
learning of, 58–59
sign, 20
see also letters, lettering
Larson, Doug, 135
larva, 96–97, 99–101, 105, 111
leaf mines, 97, 99–100
leaves, 45, 95–103, 106, 111–12, 115, 128, 225, 261
galls on, 97, 100–101, 264
holes in, 93, 97, 99–100
Le Corbusier, 139
Lehrer, Scott, 212, 214–40, 246
letters, lettering, 4, 21–25, 61–73, 193
cities and, 62–63
Os, 21–22, 25, 27, 61, 260
Qs, 66–67, 73
Rs, 67, 69
on signs, 22, 57, 61–67, 70, 72
Ss, 69
Ts, 67, 71
see also type, typeface
ligaments, 169, 171
lights, light, 1, 6, 10–11, 26, 51, 116, 122n, 124, 156, 187, 189, 212, 232, 261
eyes and, 224–25
incandescent, 103, 154
infants and, 22
streetlights and, 89–90, 97, 103–4
traffic and, 33, 86, 143, 152–53, 170
UV, 103–4, 229
limestone, 52–54, 70, 198, 260–61
lions, 7–8, 12, 22, 84, 110, 114, 119, 121, 219
listening, 2–3, 9, 20, 163, 176–77, 188–89, 196–97, 206–7, 212–40
see also under sounds, sound
literaphilia, 58
locusts, 145, 150–51
lo-fi soundscape, 216
London, 234
London plane trees, 97, 102, 225
long calls, 129
Lorber, Bennett, 160–82, 253
attention and, 162, 180–81
lub dub (heart valve sounds), 176
lungs, 176–78, 227
Luria, A. R., 23
macaques, 114–15, 178–79
McPhee, John, 50n
Manhattan skyline, 50
Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, The (Sacks), 49n
maple trees and leaves, 95, 102, 225
marble, 44, 54, 134, 163, 176, 187
mayflies, 97, 104
memories, memory, 6, 9, 23, 48, 124, 188, 195, 209, 220, 232, 235, 243
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 215
mica, 51
mice, 61, 94, 120, 127, 135, 253
midges, 94, 100
Mind of a Mnemonist, The (Luria), 23
minerals, 42, 44, 50
mirror neurons, 178–80
mockingbirds, 137
mollusks, 107
Monderman, Hans, 153
monkeys, 82–83, 114–15, 125n, 178–79, 190–91, 200
Mormon crickets, 150
Morse, Susan, 111
mosquitoes, 94, 97, 108, 219, 225n
moths, 100, 104, 111
birds and, 108, 117
peppered, 117
motor cortex, 23
museum atrium sound, 215
musicians, music, 87, 90, 177, 193, 201, 216–18, 221, 226–27, 231–32, 234, 238–39
Mütter Museum, 160–61
naming, 95, 213–14
National Park Service, 114
natural selection, 236
Navy sonar sounds, 233, 237
neophilia, 30–31
neophobia, 131
nests, 99, 104, 115–16, 131, 134, 138, 262
Netherlands, 116, 153
neurons, 9, 24, 123–25, 189, 193
lack of regeneration of, 191
mirror, 178–80
newspaper bins, 86
New York, N.Y.:
birds of prey in, 116
deterioration of, 43–44
street address algorithm of, 139–40
New York Times, 152
no-parking signs, 22, 64
noses, 2, 11, 15, 69, 83, 118, 128, 181, 193, 213, 225, 242–50, 252–54, 263
see also smells
nymphs, insect, 98, 100
oak trees and leaves, 97, 101, 225, 254
occipital cortex, 83, 192–93, 201
Olmsted, Frederick Law, 46–47, 51
opioids, natural, 68
orb weavers, 95
orthonasal olfaction, 244n
Os, 21–22, 25, 27, 61, 260
otoacoustic emissions, 219
overtones, 239
owls, plastic, 126–27
Pacific Aquarium & Pet sign, 66–67
packing problem, 157
Paleozoic Era, 47, 50
palmetto tortoise beetles, 111–12
panhandling, 155
parallel parking, 228
parasites, parasitism, 93, 97, 111–12, 129
Park In Auto Service sign, 64–65
Park’s Department sign, 67, 102
passenger pigeons, 94
pavement ants, 105
paving stones, 42–43
pedestrian walkways, 144
pelecypods, 52
pelvis, 165–66, 170, 173, 256
pennies, copper, 154
peripersonal space, 200–201
persimmon trees, 119, 138
personal space, 80–81, 146, 200–201
dogs and, 257
Philadelphia, College of Physicians of, 160
Philadelphia look, 174, 180–81
Piaget, Jean, 38
pigeons, 6, 36, 94, 113–14, 116, 121, 126–27, 129, 132–33, 135–36, 176, 230–31, 240
pigs, 37, 46, 137–38, 214
pitches, 27, 211n, 212, 226, 235, 236n, 238–39
plasticity of brain, 192–94, 201
platoons, of walkers, 143, 145, 151
plug and feathers, 54
pneumonia, 176
pointing, 15, 21, 29, 31, 35–36, 40, 83, 99–100, 120, 138, 141, 165, 177, 189, 252n, 265
Pompeii, 60
poor box sign, 86–87
possums, 114, 120
posture, 160, 167, 169, 171, 260
premotor cortex, 178–79
pressure, sound and, 236–37
privacy, 80, 141n
private space, 87–88
Project for Public Spaces (PPS), 140–41, 158n
prosopagnosia, 49n
Proust, Marcel, 241
public spaces, 85, 87–88, 140–41, 155, 157, 158n, 199
pulmonary catarrh, 176
Pumpernickel (dog), 2, 241–42
pupae, 105–6
pyramids, 28, 77
Qs, 66–67, 73
quarries, 45, 53–54
rabbits, 94
raccoons, 111, 114, 117–21, 126, 130, 135, 138
radula, 107
rats, 111, 120, 125–31, 135, 263
Norwegian, 128
Rebecca (raccoon), 119
red granite, 45, 53
refrigerator door sound, 228
Renaissance portraits, 85
retina, 109, 122, 224–25
retronasal olfaction, 244n
Rizzolatti, Giacomo, 178–79
rodent boxes, 127, 131
Rome, 43, 58, 60, 71, 227
Rs, 67, 69
running, 21, 36, 40, 84, 120, 131, 150–52, 165, 167, 170–71, 173, 185, 220, 256
saccading, saccades, 110, 149
Sacks, Oliver, 49n, 108, 194, 206
safari phenomenon, 213–14
Saint Thomas Church, 87
salamanders, 94
sandstone, 53
sans-serif Gothic, 63
Santayana, George, 159
Saul, King of Israel, 227
Scarry, Richard, 36–37
Schafer, R. Murray, 211, 221
Schieffelin, Eugene, 121–22
schist, 47, 50–52, 54
School of Visual Arts, 90
Schwartz, Hillel, 211
sciatic nerve, 166, 185
search images, 107–10, 112, 124
selective attention, 12, 263–64
selective enhancement, 14
sensorium commune, 23–24
sensory chaos, 26–27, 122
sensory city, 15
sensory systems, 11, 123, 128
serotonin, 151
sexual attraction, 83–84
shadows, shadow, 10, 22, 40, 67, 134
Shakespeare, William, 93, 121–22, 191, 232
Shaw, Paul, 57–73, 193
as judgmental, 65–66
literaphilia, 58
shells, 52, 260–61
shoes, 6, 20–21, 36–39, 45n, 60, 71, 103, 148, 161, 170–71, 177, 179–80, 208, 248, 259
shothole leafminers, 97, 99–100
sidewalk domes, 154–55
sidewalks, 2–3, 5–6, 10–11, 15, 19–20, 22, 25–27, 29–31, 33, 35, 40–41, 44, 51, 53, 59, 63, 69, 73, 77–80, 87–88, 98–99, 105, 107, 120, 126–27, 138, 141–44, 146–50, 152, 154–57, 164, 169–71, 173, 178, 186, 197–98, 202–4, 206, 212, 226, 228, 235, 238, 247, 250–51, 253–54, 261–64
signs, signals, 6, 59–73, 77, 81, 85–87, 102, 105–7, 125–27, 138, 197, 233, 236–37
ghost, 69–71
of insects (sign), 93–101, 103, 105, 109–12
lettering on, 22, 57, 61–67, 70, 72
symbolic, 60
traffic and, 33, 86, 143, 152–53, 170
silence, 5, 33, 51, 126, 129, 136–37, 180, 207–8, 216, 218, 234–35, 238–40, 250
sirens, 186, 214, 229, 235
6–8 Delancey Street, 71
skunks, 108
slugs, 93, 99, 106–7
smells, 5–7, 10, 12, 14, 23, 26–27, 45, 110, 119, 159–60, 186, 188–91, 212, 221, 241–58
attraction and, 11
avoidance and, 249
brain and, 191, 193, 245n, 249
dogs and, 2, 5, 15, 29, 33, 36, 89, 108, 131, 206, 241–50, 252–53, 255, 258
memory and, 188
of people, 80, 159–60, 175–76, 194–95, 208, 253
rats and, 131
snails, 52, 93
social brain, 83
socialization, 34–35
socializing, 130, 156
sodium vapor lamps, 104
somatosensory cortex, 193
songbirds, 107
sounds, sound, 14, 211–40
attention and, 213, 220, 227, 240
attraction and, 213, 224
avoidance and, 197, 225
of balls, 219–21
of bathrooms, 222–23
bird vocalizations and, 21, 116–17, 136, 176, 212, 216–17, 223, 226, 236–37, 261
brain and, 23, 150, 191, 193, 219, 224, 233, 239
buses and, 212, 217, 223, 226–29
as contagious, 233
echoes and, 197–98, 200, 214, 217, 221–22, 225–26
fetuses and, 211–12
hearing loss and, 218–19
of kitchens, 222–23
music and, 87, 90, 177, 193, 201, 216–18, 221, 226–27, 231–32, 234, 238–39
noise and, 1, 9, 12, 28, 31, 58, 116, 136, 190, 199–200, 209, 211, 216–19, 223–24, 226–28, 231, 233–35, 238–40, 260
preset, 223
and pressure and temperature, 235–38
speed of, 221, 236
of tires, 216, 228–29, 261
vision and, 12, 230
sparrows, 116, 121, 146
speedwalkers, 164n
spheres, 27–28
spiders, 96–98, 112
jumping, 97, 104
olfactory searches by, 108
spiderwebs, 95–97, 104, 112, 125
spinal stenosis, 178
spotlight model of attention, 10, 13
Springfield, Mass., 95, 111
squirrels, 7–8, 36, 97, 113–16, 120–21, 130–31, 135–36, 186
Ss, 69
standpipes, 33–34, 36, 38, 40
starlings, 121–22, 133
step and slide, 147–49
stethoscopes, 34, 176
Storefront for Art & Architecture, 63–64
Storm King, 187–88
Street Departments, 155
streetlights, 89–90, 97, 103–4
subways, 58, 60, 73, 84, 86, 122n, 147, 170, 203, 218, 226, 229–30, 238
swarm intelligence, 146–47, 150–51
sycamore lace bugs, 98
sympathetic nervous system, 84, 219
synapses, 24, 26
synesthesia, 23–24, 26
tactile perception, 127–28, 175, 186, 193, 196–97, 200–201, 229, 232, 243, 257
Tatum, Art, 227
taxis, 59, 62, 140, 198, 216
telephone booths, 33, 61
telephone rings, 214, 228
temperature, sound and, 235–36, 238
Tetris Effect, 72–73
texts, texting, 90, 121, 150, 197, 205–6
thigmotaxis, 127–28
Thomson, William, 163
Thoreau, Henry David, 113
thrombosis, 233
thumbnails, 161, 181
Thurber, James, 194
tickling, 129, 191, 246
tics, 108, 161
Tinbergen, Luuk, 107
Tinbergen, Niko, 107
tires, sound of, 216, 228–29, 261
tortoise beetles, 93, 99, 111–12
Tourette’s syndrome, 108
toys, 13n, 27–28, 38, 76, 122
Tracks and Sign of Insects and Other
Invertebrates (Eiseman and Charney), 95
traffic, 1, 5–6, 14, 116, 127, 142–45, 148, 150, 178, 201, 204, 207–8, 216, 218, 223, 237, 240, 260
lights and, 33, 86, 143, 152–53, 170
Transportation Research Board (TRB), 144
trash, 5–7, 25, 32–33, 36, 38–40, 51, 61, 76–78, 117–18, 126, 130, 141, 226, 241, 243–44, 247, 262, 264
Dumpsters and, 104–5, 111, 254
garbage trucks and, 6, 228
Tree-Mark Shoes, 71
Trendelenburg sign, 171
triangles, 19, 24–29, 124
trichromatic vision, 189
tritones, 239
trucks, 6–7, 9, 29, 31–32, 37, 39, 61, 76, 151, 204, 216, 226–28, 232, 234, 262
true bugs, 98
Ts, 71
double, 67
—h combination, 67
tuberculosis, 253
turbulence, 205
turnstiles, 238
type, typeface, 57–73, 193
asymmetries in, 65
attention and, 70
cities recognized by, 62–63
computer, 63
see also letters, lettering
typography, 58, 69
Uexküll, Jakob von, 77, 109
ultraviolet (UV) light, 103–4, 229
umbrellas, 260, 262–63
Umwelten, 77
Upper East Side, 105, 215
Upper West Side, 105, 198
urban cliff hypothesis, 135–36
urine, 89, 244, 247–48
V4 brain area, 109
vacation vision, 30–31
Valéry, Paul, 57
Vaux, Calvert, 46–47, 51
ventral prefrontal cortex, 234n
Venturi effect, 205
Vermont, 53, 97
Verne, Jules, 185
vibrissae, 128
vigilance, 12
vision, see eyes, eyesight
visual cortex, 22–23, 109, 190
vomeronasal organ, 244
Wabash, Ind., 103
waddling, 166, 171
walk/don’t walk signs, 86, 143, 170
walking, 139–58
alignment in, 146, 150, 173
attraction in, 51, 65, 142, 146
average speed of, 143n
avoidance in, 71–72, 79, 141, 145–50, 157, 166, 202
brain in, 146, 150–51, 166, 200
bumping and, 31, 145–48, 150
cooperative dance in, 145
distractions in, 197, 207, 231
dogs and, 2, 8, 137, 155, 172, 186, 226, 241–42, 246–47, 252–56, 258, 262–64
by infants, 164–65
into-the-wind, 242
jaywalking and, 51, 151–52, 173
slowness and, 4–5, 25, 30, 35, 79, 86, 110–11, 113, 142–44, 146, 148, 157–58, 166–67, 172, 185, 197, 206–7, 250, 254, 264
three rules of, 145–46, 206–7
vision and, 93, 97, 149, 154–55, 174, 206–7, 242, 260–61, 264
Washington, D.C., 114, 116, 120, 132
wasps, 100–101, 104–5
weathering, 43–44, 47
webbing, 174
Werner, Heinz, 23
wetness, sound and, 216, 222–23
whales, 145, 233, 237
wheeling and turning, 132–33
Whyte, William “Holly,” 140, 142, 148, 157–58, 186
wind, 38, 43–44, 104–5, 115, 133–34, 152, 177, 204–5, 209, 233, 240, 242, 246, 250, 254
Wind in the Willows, The (Grahame), 242–43
wind shadows, 134
woodpeckers, 105, 213
worms, 52–53, 97
yawning, 114–15
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